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Autism is a developmental disorder that affects social interaction and communication of children. The gold standard diagnostic tools are very difficult to use and time consuming. However, diagnostic could be deduced from child gaze…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-14 Dennis Núñez-Fernández , Franklin Porras-Barrientos , Macarena Vittet-Mondoñedo , Robert H. Gilman , Mirko Zimic

This study introduces a novel method for revealing human internal attention patterns (decision-relevant attention) from gameplay data alone, leveraging offline attention techniques from reinforcement learning (RL). We propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Henrik Krauss , Takehisa Yairi

The task of predicting 3D eye gaze from eye images can be performed either by (a) end-to-end learning for image-to-gaze mapping or by (b) fitting a 3D eye model onto images. The former case requires 3D gaze labels, while the latter requires…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Nikola Popovic , Dimitrios Christodoulou , Danda Pani Paudel , Xi Wang , Luc Van Gool

Purpose: As visual inspection is an inherent process during radiological screening, the associated eye gaze data can provide valuable insights into relevant clinical decisions. As deep learning has become the state-of-the-art for…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-18 Zirui Qiu , Hassan Rivaz , Yiming Xiao

Gaze estimation involves predicting where the person is looking at within an image or video. Technically, the gaze information can be inferred from two different magnification levels: face orientation and eye orientation. The inference is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Ashesh , Chu-Song Chen , Hsuan-Tien Lin

Gaze estimation, which is a method to determine where a person is looking at given the person's full face, is a valuable clue for understanding human intention. Similarly to other domains of computer vision, deep learning (DL) methods have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Longzhao Huang , Yujie Li , Xu Wang , Haoyu Wang , Ahmed Bouridane , Ahmad Chaddad

This paper presents a method for gaze estimation according to face images. We train several gaze estimators adopting four different network architectures, including an architecture designed for gaze estimation (i.e.,iTracker-MHSA) and three…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Xin Cai , Boyu Chen , Jiabei Zeng , Jiajun Zhang , Yunjia Sun , Xiao Wang , Zhilong Ji , Xiao Liu , Xilin Chen , Shiguang Shan

Successful learning depends on learners' ability to sustain attention, which is particularly challenging in online education due to limited teacher interaction. A potential indicator for attention is gaze synchrony, demonstrating predictive…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Babette Bühler , Efe Bozkir , Hannah Deininger , Peter Gerjets , Ulrich Trautwein , Enkelejda Kasneci

Gaze stabilization is critical for enabling fluid, accurate, and efficient interaction in immersive augmented reality (AR) environments, particularly during task-oriented visual behaviors. However, fixation sequences captured in active gaze…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Yaozheng Xia , Zaiping Zhu , Bo Pang , Shaorong Wang , Sheng Li

The way our eyes move while reading can tell us about the cognitive effort required to process the text. In the present study, we use this fact to generate texts with controllable reading ease. Our method employs a model that predicts human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Andreas Säuberli , Darja Jepifanova , Diego Frassinelli , Barbara Plank

Gaze behaviour has been used as a way to gather cognitive information for a number of years. In this paper, we discuss the use of gaze behaviour in solving different tasks in natural language processing (NLP) without having to record it at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Sandeep Mathias , Diptesh Kanojia , Abhijit Mishra , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

Modeling users' cognitive states (e.g., cognitive load and decision confidence) is essential for building adaptive AI in high-stakes decision-making. While eye tracking provides non-invasive behavioral signals correlated with cognitive…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Xin Sun , Shu Wei , Ting Pan , Yajing Wang , Jos A. Bosch , Isao Echizen , Abdallah El Ali , Saku Sugawara

Understanding what makes a video memorable has important applications in advertising or education technology. Towards this goal, we investigate spatio-temporal attention mechanisms underlying video memorability. Different from previous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Prajneya Kumar , Eshika Khandelwal , Makarand Tapaswi , Vishnu Sreekumar

Understanding an agent's goals from its behavior is fundamental to aligning AI systems with human intentions. Existing goal recognition methods typically rely on an optimal goal-oriented policy representation, which may differ from the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Osher Elhadad , Felipe Meneguzzi , Reuth Mirsky

The existing computational visual attention systems have focused on the objective to basically simulate and understand the concept of visual attention system in adults. Consequently, the impact of observer's age in scene viewing behavior…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Onkar Krishna , Kiyoharu Aizawa , Go Irie

Gaze may enhance the robustness of lie detectors but remains under-studied. This study evaluated the efficacy of AI models (using fixations, saccades, blinks, and pupil size) for detecting deception in Concealed Information Tests across two…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Valentin Foucher , Santiago de Leon-Martinez , Robert Moro

Generative Adversarial Imitation Learning (GAIL) can learn policies without explicitly defining the reward function from demonstrations. GAIL has the potential to learn policies with high-dimensional observations as input, e.g., images. By…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-09-22 Yoshihisa Tsurumine , Takamitsu Matsubara

Entropy-based measures are an important tool for studying human gaze behavior under various conditions. In particular, gaze transition entropy (GTE) is a popular method to quantify the predictability of fixation transitions. However, GTE…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Patricia Wollstadt , Martina Hasenjäger , Christiane B. Wiebel-Herboth

Gaze following estimates gaze targets of in-scene person by understanding human behavior and scene information. Existing methods usually analyze scene images for gaze following. However, compared with visual images, audio also provides…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Yuqi Hou , Zhongqun Zhang , Nora Horanyi , Jaewon Moon , Yihua Cheng , Hyung Jin Chang

Although gaze estimation methods have been developed with deep learning techniques, there has been no such approach as aim to attain accurate performance in low-resolution face images with a pixel width of 50 pixels or less. To solve a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-22 Jun-Seok Yun , Youngju Na , Hee Hyeon Kim , Hyung-Il Kim , Seok Bong Yoo