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The relevance of optimal transport methods to machine learning has long been hindered by two salient limitations. First, the $O(n^3)$ computational cost of standard sample-based solvers (when used on batches of $n$ samples) is prohibitive.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Meyer Scetbon , Michal Klein , Giovanni Palla , Marco Cuturi

This article addresses the problem of data-driven numerical optimal control for unknown nonlinear systems. In our scenario, we suppose to have the possibility of performing multiple experiments (or simulations) on the system. Experiments…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-19 Marco Borghesi , Lorenzo Sforni , Giuseppe Notarstefano

This paper investigates the connections between rectified flows, flow matching, and optimal transport. Flow matching is a recent approach to learning generative models by estimating velocity fields that guide transformations from a source…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Johannes Hertrich , Antonin Chambolle , Julie Delon

Optimal transport distances have found many applications in machine learning for their capacity to compare non-parametric probability distributions. Yet their algorithmic complexity generally prevents their direct use on large scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-08 Kilian Fatras , Thibault Séjourné , Nicolas Courty , Rémi Flamary

Optimal Transport (OT) theory has seen an increasing amount of attention from the computer science community due to its potency and relevance in modeling and machine learning. It introduces means that serve as powerful ways to compare…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Luis Caicedo Torres , Luiz Manella Pereira , M. Hadi Amini

This article introduces a generalization of the discrete optimal transport, with applications to color image manipulations. This new formulation includes a relaxation of the mass conservation constraint and a regularization term. These two…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2013-07-23 Sira Ferradans , Nicolas Papadakis , Gabriel Peyré , Jean-François Aujol

This paper considers the problem of routing and rebalancing a shared fleet of autonomous (i.e., self-driving) vehicles providing on-demand mobility within a capacitated transportation network, where congestion might disrupt throughput. We…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2017-08-15 Rick Zhang , Federico Rossi , Marco Pavone

Inspired by the matching of supply to demand in logistical problems, the optimal transport (or Monge--Kantorovich) problem involves the matching of probability distributions defined over a geometric domain such as a surface or manifold. In…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-05-02 Justin Solomon

The goal of traffic management is efficiently utilizing network resources via adapting of source sending rates and routes selection. Traditionally, this problem is formulated into a utilization maximization problem. The single-path routing…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Ying Liu , Hongying Liu , Ke Xu , Meng Shen , Yifeng Zhong

In optimal transport, quadratic regularization is an alternative to entropic regularization when sparse couplings or small regularization parameters are desired. Quadratic regularization penalizes transport couplings by the squared $L^2$…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-20 Alberto González-Sanz , Marcel Nutz , Andrés Riveros Valdevenito

This paper introduces two variational formulations for a model of robust optimal transport, that is, the problem of designing optimal transport networks that are resilient to potential damages, balancing construction costs against the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-11-10 Luigi De Masi , Andrea Marchese , Annalisa Massaccesi

This paper shows that the semi-dual formulation of the optimal transport problem has a degenerate saddle-point structure, and that its numerical solution is equivalent to solving a constrained optimization problem. We derive necessary and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-20 Anton Selitskiy , David Millard

This paper considers the decentralized (discrete) optimal transport (D-OT) problem. In this setting, a network of agents seeks to design a transportation plan jointly, where the cost function is the sum of privately held costs for each…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-23 Ivan Lau , Shiqian Ma , César A. Uribe

Optimal transport (OT) is a versatile framework for comparing probability measures, with many applications to statistics, machine learning, and applied mathematics. However, OT distances suffer from computational and statistical scalability…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-06-08 Ziv Goldfeld , Kengo Kato , Gabriel Rioux , Ritwik Sadhu

The classical problem of optimal transportation can be formulated as a linear optimization problem on a convex domain: among all joint measures with fixed marginals find the optimal one, where optimality is measured against a cost function.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2012-11-29 Jonathan Korman , Robert J. McCann

Optimal transport induces the Earth Mover's (Wasserstein) distance between probability distributions, a geometric divergence that is relevant to a wide range of problems. Over the last decade, two relaxations of optimal transport have been…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-01-18 Thibault Séjourné , Jean Feydy , François-Xavier Vialard , Alain Trouvé , Gabriel Peyré

Optimal transport has recently been brought forward as a tool for modeling and efficiently solving a variety of flow problems, such as origin-destination problems and multi-commodity flow problems. Although the framework has shown to be…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-29 Anqi Dong , Karl Henrik Johansson , Johan Karlsson

Optimal transport (OT) has become exceedingly popular in machine learning, data science, and computer vision. The core assumption in the OT problem is the equal total amount of mass in source and target measures, which limits its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Yikun Bai , Berhnard Schmitzer , Mathew Thorpe , Soheil Kolouri

We establish dual attainment for the multimarginal, multi-asset martingale optimal transport (MOT) problem, a fundamental question in the mathematical theory of model-independent pricing and hedging in quantitative finance. Our main result…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-02-04 Charlie Che , Tongseok Lim , Yue Sun

Optimal Transport (OT) is a mathematical framework that first emerged in the eighteenth century and has led to a plethora of methods for answering many theoretical and applied questions. The last decade has been a witness to the remarkable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Abdelwahed Khamis , Russell Tsuchida , Mohamed Tarek , Vivien Rolland , Lars Petersson