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The continuous charge density of the r^{-4} radial astroelectron is found analytically from the Maxwell-Lorentz equations. The electric charge is not a basic concept, but is the nonlinear field distribution associated with the elementary…

General Physics · Physics 2008-07-08 I. E. Bulyzhenkov

A close examination of the Maxwell-Lorentz theory of electrodynamics reveals that polarization and magnetization of material media need not be treated as local averages over small volumes - volumes that nevertheless contain a large number…

Optics · Physics 2014-04-10 Masud Mansuripur

We present a nonlocal statistical field theory of a dilute electrolyte solution with small additive of dipolar particles. We postulate that every dipolar particle is associated with an arbitrary probability distribution function (PDF) of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2019-03-26 Yu. A. Budkov

The standard model for diffuse charge phenomena in colloid science, electrokinetics and biology is the Poisson-Boltzmann mean-field theory, which breaks down for multivalent ions and large surface charge densities due to electrostatic…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-02-14 J. Pedro de Souza , Martin Z. Bazant

Electrostatic correlations and variable permittivity of electrolytes are essential for exploring many chemical and physical properties of interfaces in aqueous solutions. We propose a continuum electrostatic model for the treatment of these…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-06-23 Manman Ma , Zhenli Xu

The interaction between charged bodies in an ionic solution is a general problem in colloid physics and becomes a central topic in the study of biological systems where the electrostatic interaction between proteins, nucleic acids,…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-05-13 Fabien Paillusson , Maria Barbi , Jean-Marc Victor

We formulate a general mean-field theory of a flat electric double layer in ionic liquids and electrolyte solutions with ions possessing static polarizability and a permanent dipole moment on a charged electrode. We establish a new…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-08-17 Yu. A. Budkov , S. V. Zavarzin , A. L. Kolesnikov

In this work, we present an explanation of the electric charge quantization based on a semi-classical model of electrostatic fields. We claim that in electrostatics, an electric charge must be equal to a rational multiple of the elementary…

General Physics · Physics 2023-07-07 Kolahal Bhattacharya

A modified Poisson-Nernst-Planck system in a bounded domain with mixed Dirichlet-Neumann boundary conditions is analyzed. It describes the concentrations of ions immersed in a polar solvent and the correlated electric potential due to the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-05-25 Ansgar Jüngel , Annamaria Massimini

We investigate electric-field effects in dilute electrolytes with nonlinear polarization. As a first example of such systems, we add a dipolar component with a relatively large dipole moment $\mu_0$ to an aqueous electrolyte. As a second…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-01-12 Akira Onuki

We theoretically study electrostatic properties of electric double layer using a generalized Poisson-Boltzmann approach taking into account the orientational ordering of water dipoles and the excluded volume effect of water molecules as…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-02-14 Jun-Sik Sin , Song-Jin Im , Kwang-Il Kim

The electric field dielectric polarization-based separations mechanism represents a novel method for separating solutions at small length scales. An electric field gradient with a maximum strength of $\mathrm{0.4~MV/m}$ applied across a…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-11-29 Gaurav Anand , Samira Safaripour , Craig Snoeyink

We investigate, within a local density functional theory formalism, the interactions between like-charged polyions immersed in a confined electrolyte. We obtain a simple condition for a repulsive effective pair potential, that can be…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-31 E. Trizac

We present a fully analytical integration of the Maxwell stress tensor and derive exact relations for interparticle forces in systems of multiple dielectric spheres immersed in a polarizable ionic solvent, within the framework of the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-12-12 Sergii V. Siryk , Walter Rocchia

We combine Maxwell's equations with Eulers's equation, related to a velocity field of an immaterial fluid, where the density of mass is replaced by a charge density. We come out with a differential system able to describe a relevant…

General Physics · Physics 2009-11-26 Daniele Funaro

Ionic crystals play a central role in functional applications. Mesoscale descriptions of these crystals are based on the continuum polarization density field to represent the effective physics of charge distribution at the scale of the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-06-28 Shoham Sen , Yang Wang , Timothy Breitzman , Kaushik Dayal

We solve the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equation for two parallel and likely charged plates both inside a symmetric elecrolyte, and inside a 2 : 1 asymmetric electrolyte, in terms of Weierstrass elliptic functions. From these solutions we…

Classical Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Xiangjun Xing

Electrophoretic (EP) mobility reversal is commonly observed for strongly charged macromolecules in multivalent salt solutions. This curious effect takes place, e.g., when a charged polymer, such as DNA, adsorbs excess counterions so that…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-03-28 Xiang Yang , Sahin Buyukdagli , Alberto Scacchi , Maria Sammalkorpi , Tapio Ala-Nissila

Maxwell's equations describe the relation of charge and electric force almost perfectly even though electrons and permanent charge were not in his equations, as he wrote them. For Maxwell, all charge depended on electric field. Charge was…

Classical Physics · Physics 2020-03-03 Robert S. Eisenberg

A novel energy minimization formulation of electrostatics that allows computation of the electrostatic energy and forces to any desired accuracy in a system with arbitrary dielectric properties is presented. An integral equation for the…

Classical Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 O. I. Obolensky , T. P. Doerr , R. Ray , Yi-Kuo Yu