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Shared L1 memory clusters are a common architectural pattern (e.g., in GPGPUs) for building efficient and flexible multi-processing-element (PE) engines. However, it is a common belief that these tightly-coupled clusters would not scale…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Samuel Riedel , Matheus Cavalcante , Renzo Andri , Luca Benini

Shared L1-memory clusters of streamlined instruction processors (processing elements - PEs) are commonly used as building blocks in modern, massively parallel computing architectures (e.g. GP-GPUs). Scaling out these architectures by…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yichao Zhang , Marco Bertuletti , Chi Zhang , Samuel Riedel , Diyou Shen , Bowen Wang , Alessandro Vanelli-Coralli , Luca Benini

As computational paradigms evolve, applications such as attention-based models, wireless telecommunications, and computer vision impose increasingly challenging requirements on computer architectures: significant memory footprints and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Sergio Mazzola , Yichao Zhang , Marco Bertuletti , Diyou Shen , Luca Benini

Three-dimensional integrated circuits promise power, performance, and footprint gains compared to their 2D counterparts, thanks to drastic reductions in the interconnects' length through their smaller form factor. We can leverage the…

Synchronization is likely the most critical performance killer in shared-memory parallel programs. With the rise of multi-core and many-core processors, the relative impact on performance and energy overhead of synchronization is bound to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Marco Bertuletti , Samuel Riedel , Yichao Zhang , Alessandro Vanelli-Coralli , Luca Benini

Systolic arrays and shared-L1-memory manycore clusters are commonly used architectural paradigms that offer different trade-offs to accelerate parallel workloads. While the first excel with regular dataflow at the cost of rigid…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Sergio Mazzola , Samuel Riedel , Luca Benini

While parallel architectures based on clusters of Processing Elements (PEs) sharing L1 memory are widespread, there is no consensus on how lean their PE should be. Architecting PEs as vector processors holds the promise to greatly reduce…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-07-21 Matheus Cavalcante , Domenic Wüthrich , Matteo Perotti , Samuel Riedel , Luca Benini

Next-generation wireless technologies (for immersive-massive communication, joint communication and sensing) demand highly parallel architectures for massive data processing. A common architectural template scales up by grouping tens to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Samuel Riedel , Yichao Zhang , Marco Bertuletti , Luca Benini

High Performance and Energy Efficiency are critical requirements for Internet of Things (IoT) end-nodes. Exploiting tightly-coupled clusters of programmable processors (CMPs) has recently emerged as a suitable solution to address this…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Jie Chen , Igor Loi , Eric Flamand , Giuseppe Tagliavini , Luca Benini , Davide Rossi

This paper proposes ScalePool, a novel cluster architecture designed to interconnect numerous accelerators using unified hardware interconnects rather than traditional long-distance networking. ScalePool integrates Accelerator-Centric Links…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Hyein Woo , Miryeong Kwon , Jiseon Kim , Eunjee Na , Hanjin Choi , Seonghyeon Jang , Myoungsoo Jung

Modern large language model workloads put increasing demands on parallel compute capability and on-chip memory capacity, while also stressing fine-grained data movement and synchronization. These trends motivate exploring and designing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Yinrong Li , Zexin Fu , Yichao Zhang , Germain Haugou , Chi Zhang , Marco Bertuletti , Bowen Wang , Luca Benini

The steeply growing performance demands for highly power- and energy-constrained processing systems such as end-nodes of the internet-of-things (IoT) have led to parallel near-threshold computing (NTC), joining the energy-efficiency…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-04-15 Florian Glaser , Giuseppe Tagliavini , Davide Rossi , Germain Haugou , Qiuting Huang , Luca Benini

A key challenge in on-chip interconnect design is to scale up bandwidth while maintaining low latency and high area efficiency. 2D-meshes scale with low wiring area and congestion overhead; however, their end-to-end latency increases with…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Yichao Zhang , Zexin Fu , Tim Fischer , Yinrong Li , Marco Bertuletti , Luca Benini

Parallel programming is emerging fast and intensive applications need more resources, so there is a huge demand for on-chip multiprocessors. Accessing L1 caches beside the cores are the fastest after registers but the size of private caches…

Performance · Computer Science 2016-09-27 Diman Zad Tootaghaj , Farshid Farhat

Memory allocation, though constituting only a small portion of the executed code, can have a "butterfly effect" on overall program performance, leading to significant and far-reaching impacts. Despite accounting for just approximately 5% of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Ruihao Li , Qinzhe Wu , Krishna Kavi , Gayatri Mehta , Jonathan C. Beard , Neeraja J. Yadwadkar , Lizy K. John

The rapid adoption of large language models (LLMs) is pushing AI accelerators toward increasingly powerful and specialized designs. Instead of further complicating software development with deeply hierarchical scratchpad memories (SPMs) and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Zhongchun Zhou , Chengtao Lai , Yuhang Gu , Wei Zhang

As computing demand and memory footprint of deep learning applications accelerate, clusters of cores sharing local (L1) multi-banked memory are widely used as key building blocks in large-scale architectures. When the cluster's core count…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Diyou Shen , Yichao Zhang , Marco Bertuletti , Luca Benini

We introduce an open-source architecture for next-generation Radio-Access Network baseband processing: 1024 latency-tolerant 32-bit RISC-V cores share 4 MiB of L1 memory via an ultra-low latency interconnect (7-11 cycles), a modular Direct…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Yichao Zhang , Marco Bertuletti , Chi Zhang , Samuel Riedel , Alessandro Vanelli-Coralli , Luca Benini

We present Swallow, a scalable many-core architecture, with a current configuration of 480 x 32-bit processors. Swallow is an open-source architecture, designed from the ground up to deliver scalable increases in usable computational power…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2015-04-27 Simon J. Hollis , Steve Kerrison

Now days, manufacturers are focusing on increasing the concurrency in multiprocessor system-on-a-chip (MPSoC) architecture instead of increasing clock speed, for embedded systems. Traditionally lock-based synchronization is provided to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2012-02-06 Shaily Mittal , Nitin
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