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A recent paper by Gunn-Allison-Abbott (GAA) [L.J. Gunn et al., Scientific Reports 4 (2014) 6461] argued that the Kirchhoff-law-Johnson-noise (KLJN) secure key exchange system could experience a severe information leak. Here we refute their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-03-30 Laszlo B. Kish , Zoltan Gingl , Robert Mingesz , Gergely Vadai , Janusz Smulko , Claes-Goran Granqvist

Noise: an enemy to be dealt with and a major factor limiting communication system performance. However, what if there is gold in that garbage? In conventional engineering, our focus is primarily on eliminating, suppressing, combating, or…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Ertugrul Basar

Alice communicates with words drawn uniformly amongst $\{\ket{j}\}_{j=1..n}$, the canonical orthonormal basis. Sometimes however Alice interleaves quantum decoys $\{\frac{\ket{j}+i\ket{k}}{\sqrt{2}}\}$ between her messages. Such pairwise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Pablo Arrighi

We introduce the so far most efficient attack against the Kirchhoff-law-Johnson-noise (KLJN) secure key exchange system. This attack utilizes the lack of exact thermal equilibrium in practical applications and is based on cable resistance…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2015-03-30 Laszlo B. Kish , Claes-Goran Granqvist

In this paper, a Resistor Hopping (RH) scheme with the addition of biases is proposed for secure Kirchhoff Law Johnson-Noise (KLJN) communication. The RH approach enables us to increase the bit rate of secure communication between Alice and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-16 Hadi Zayyani , Felipe A. P. de Figueiredo , Mohammad Salman , Rausley A. A. de Souza

The Kirchhoff-law-Johnson-noise (KLJN) scheme is a statistical/physical secure key exchange system based on the laws of classical statistical physics to provide unconditional security. We used the LTSPICE industrial cable and circuit…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-06-03 Hsien-Pu Chen , Muneer Mohammad , Laszlo B. Kish

The statistical-physics-based Kirchhoff-law-Johnson-noise (KLJN) key exchange offers a new and simple unclonable system for credit/debit card chip authentication and payment. The key exchange, the authentication and the communication are…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2016-07-21 Laszlo Bela Kish , Kamran Entesari , Claes-Goran Granqvist , Chiman Kwan

Cryptanalysis is an important branch in the study of cryptography, including both the classical cryptography and the quantum one. In this paper we analyze the security of two three-party quantum key distribution protocols (QKDPs) proposed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-04-21 Fei Gao , Su-Juan Qin , Fen-Zhuo Guo , Qiao-Yan Wen

A recent IEEE Access Paper by Gunn, Allison and Abbott (GAA) proposed a new transient attack against the Kirchhoff-law-Johnson-noise (KLJN) secure key exchange system. The attack is valid, but it is easy to build a defense for the KLJN…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-08-19 Laszlo Bela Kish , Claes Goran Granqvist

Recently, Gunn, Allison and Abbott (GAA) [http://arxiv.org/pdf/1402.2709v2.pdf] proposed a new scheme to utilize electromagnetic waves for eavesdropping on the Kirchhoff-law-Johnson-noise (KLJN) secure key distribution. We proved in a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-08-26 Hsien-Pu Chen , Laszlo B. Kish , Claes-Goran Granqvist , Gabor Schmera

It has been shown recently that the use of two pairs of resistors with enhanced Johnson-noise and a Kirchhoff-loop-i.e., a Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-Noise (KLJN) protocol-for secure key distribution leads to information theoretic security…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2016-11-17 R. Mingesz , L. B. Kish , Z. Gingl , C. G. Granqvist , H. Wen , F. Peper , T. Eubank , G. Schmera

The security of the Kirchhoff-law-Johnson-(like)-noise (KLJN) key exchange system is based on the Fluctuation-Dissipation-Theorem of classical statistical physics. Similarly to quantum key distribution, in practical situations, due to the…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2015-11-23 Hsien-Pu Chen , Elias Gonzalez , Yessica Saez , Laszlo B. Kish

We obtain estimates for Eve's forgery probability, namely the probability that she is able to forge a message which Alice or Bob mistakenly accept over a noisy Quantum channel for generating a shared Quantum secret key. This probability is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-10 Pete Rigas

A new attack against the Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-Noise (KLJN) key distribution system is explored. The attack is based on utilizing a parasitic dc-voltage-source in the loop. Relevant situations often exist in the low-frequency limit in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-10-04 Mutaz Y. Melhem , Laszlo B. Kish

This paper presents a statistical physical generation of random keys for a decentralized identity ecosystem that uses Web 3.0 protocols. Web 3.0 is driven by secure keys, typically represented in hexadecimal, that are pseudo-randomly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Christiana Chamon , Kamalesh Mohanasundar , Sarah A. Flanery , Francis K. Quek

This paper deals with the Kirchhoff-law-Johnson-noise (KLJN) classical statistical physical key exchange method and surveys criticism - often stemming from a lack of understanding of its underlying premises or from other errors - and our…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2015-03-30 Laszlo B. Kish , Derek Abbott , Claes-Goran Granqvist , He Wen

Inspired from quantum key distribution, we consider wireless communication between Alice and Bob when the intermediate space between Alice and Bob is controlled by Eve. That is, our model divides the channel noise into two parts, the noise…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Masahito Hayashi

We introduce a protocol with a reconfigurable filter system to create non-overlapping single loops in the smart power grid for the realization of the Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-(like)-Noise secure key distribution system. The protocol is valid…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-12-18 Elias Gonzalez , Laszlo B. Kish , Robert Balog , Prasad Enjeti

In this paper, we propose opportunistic jammer selection in a wireless security system for increasing the secure degrees of freedom (DoF) between a transmitter and a legitimate receiver (say, Alice and Bob). There is a jammer group…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Jung Hoon Lee , Wan Choi

We point out that the claims in the comment-paper of Scheuer and Yariv are either irrelevant or incorrect. The idealized Kirchoff-loop-Johnson-like-noise (KLJN) scheme is totally secure therefore it is more secure than idealized quantum…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Laszlo B. Kish