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Recently, researchers have started applying convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with one-dimensional convolutions to clinical tasks involving time-series data. This is due, in part, to their computational efficiency, relative to recurrent…

Clinical decision requires reasoning in the presence of imperfect data. DTs are a well-known decision support tool, owing to their interpretability, fundamental in safety-critical contexts such as medical diagnosis. However, learning DTs…

In this paper, we present an automated approach for segmenting multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions from multi-modal brain magnetic resonance images. Our method is based on a deep end-to-end 2D convolutional neural network (CNN) for slice-based…

Medical image segmentation is critical for disease diagnosis and treatment assessment. However, concerns regarding the reliability of segmentation regions persist among clinicians, mainly attributed to the absence of confidence assessment,…

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) achieved the state-of-the-art performance in medical image segmentation due to their ability to extract highly complex feature representations. However, it is argued in recent studies that traditional…

Precise identification of spinal nerve rootlets is relevant to delineate spinal levels for the study of functional activity in the spinal cord. The goal of this study was to develop an automatic method for the semantic segmentation of…

The influence of bias in datasets on the fairness of model predictions is a topic of ongoing research in various fields. We evaluate the performance of skin lesion classification using ResNet-based CNNs, focusing on patient sex variations…

The concepts of conditional mutual information (CMI) and normalized conditional mutual information (NCMI) are introduced to measure the concentration and separation performance of a classification deep neural network (DNN) in the output…

Most existing deep learning-based frameworks for image segmentation assume that a unique ground truth is known and can be used for performance evaluation. This is true for many applications, but not all. Myocardial segmentation of…

Despite advances in deep learning, robustness under domain shift remains a major bottleneck in medical imaging settings. Findings on natural images suggest that deep neural models can show a strong textural bias when carrying out image…

In this paper, we describe a Bayesian deep neural network (DNN) for predicting FreeSurfer segmentations of structural MRI volumes, in minutes rather than hours. The network was trained and evaluated on a large dataset (n = 11,480), obtained…

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is one of the most flexible and powerful medical imaging modalities. This flexibility does however come at a cost; MRI images acquired at different sites and with different parameters exhibit significant…

Retinal blood vessel segmentation can extract clinically relevant information from fundus images. As manual tracing is cumbersome, algorithms based on Convolution Neural Networks have been developed. Such studies have used small publicly…

We consider the estimation of average treatment effects in observational studies and propose a new framework of robust causal inference with unobserved confounders. Our approach is based on distributionally robust optimization and proceeds…

Multi-sequence magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has found wide applications in both modern clinical studies and deep learning research. However, in clinical practice, it frequently occurs that one or more of the MRI sequences are missing…

A learning-based posterior distribution estimation method, Probabilistic Dipole Inversion (PDI), is proposed to solve quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) inverse problem in MRI with uncertainty estimation. A deep convolutional neural…

Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs), especially fully convolutional networks, have been widely applied to automatic medical image segmentation problems, e.g., multi-organ segmentation. Existing CNN-based segmentation methods mainly…

In recent years, Deep Learning (DL) has shown promising results in conducting AI tasks such as computer vision and image segmentation. Specifically, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models in DL have been applied to prevention,detection,…

The usage of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for unsupervised image segmentation was investigated in this study. In the proposed approach, label prediction and network parameter learning are alternately iterated to meet the following…

Accurate segmentation of brain resection cavities (RCs) aids in postoperative analysis and determining follow-up treatment. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are the state-of-the-art image segmentation technique, but require large…