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Wilson loops provide the central gauge-invariant probe of confinement in lattice gauge theory. This survey reviews the statistical-mechanical formulation of lattice gauge ensembles, the strong-coupling and duality mechanisms behind area…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-14 Ethan Zhou , Marcus Reed , Caleb Hayes

Maximally supersymmetric Yang--Mills theory in four dimensions can be formulated on a space-time lattice while exactly preserving a single supersymmetry. Here we explore in detail this lattice theory, paying particular attention to its…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2014-09-12 Simon Catterall , Poul H. Damgaard , Thomas DeGrand , Joel Giedt , David Schaich

The scattering-matrix for planar Yang-Mills with N=4 supersymmetry relies on the assumption that integrability holds to all orders in perturbation theory. In this note we define a map from the spectral variables x^{\pm}, parameterizing the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Cesar Gomez , Johan Gunnesson , Rafael Hernandez

Supersymmetry plays prominent roles in the study of quantum field theory and in many proposals for potential new physics beyond the standard model. Lattice field theory provides a non-perturbative regularization suitable for strongly…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2023-07-17 David Schaich

The pure gauge theory in 2+1 dimensions is explored, through both a phenomenological model and a lattice calculation. The Isgur-Paton model is extended to include a curvature term and various mixing mechanisms. The method of inferential…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2007-10-12 Robert W. Johnson

We derive new formulas for the expectation and variance of Wilson loops for any contractible simple loop on a compact orientable surface of genus $1$ and higher, in the model of two-dimensional Yang--Mills theory with structure group…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-05-27 Thibaut Lemoine

In this paper we explore a new approach to studying three-dimensional N=4 super-Yang-Mills on a lattice. Our strategy is to complexify the Donaldson-Witten twist of four-dimensional N=2 super-Yang-Mills to make it amenable to a lattice…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2020-05-20 Joel Giedt , Arthur E. Lipstein

This contribution investigates baryonic flux tube configurations in $SU(3)$ Yang--Mills theory in $(2+1)$ dimensions. Leveraging recent next-to-leading-order results within the Effective String Theory (EST) framework, which explicitly…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2026-03-10 Dario Panfalone , Michele Caselle , Nicodemo Magnoli , Lorenzo Verzichelli

A light-like Wilson loop is computed in perturbation theory up to ${\cal O} (g^4)$ for pure Yang--Mills theory in 1+1 dimensions, using Feynman and light--cone gauges to check its gauge invariance. After dimensional regularization in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-28 A. Bassetto , F. De Biasio , L. Griguolo

We probe the long-range spin chain approach to planar N=4 gauge theory at high loop order. A recently employed hyperbolic spin chain invented by Inozemtsev is suitable for the SU(2) subsector of the state space up to three loops, but ceases…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-03-23 N. Beisert , V. Dippel , M. Staudacher

In this paper we investigate a correspondence among spin and vertex models with the same number of local states on the square lattice with toroidal boundary conditions. We argue that the partition functions of an arbitrary $n$-state spin…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-09-08 M. J. Martins

There is a natural way to study the long distance interactions of gauge theories in the electric (momentum) representation. Here, the main ideas are presented for the Abelian and Yang-Mills gauge theories emphasizing on the structure and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Jiannis Pachos

We introduce a novel bridge between the familiar gauge field theory approaches used in many areas of modern physics such as quantum field theory and the SLOCC protocols familiar in quantum information. Although the mathematical methods are…

Combinatorial gauge symmetry is a principle that allows us to construct lattice gauge theories with two key and distinguishing properties: a) only one- and two-body interactions are needed; and b) the symmetry is exact rather than emergent…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-09-28 Hongji Yu , Dmitry Green , Andrei E. Ruckenstein , Claudio Chamon

An approximate dual representation for non-Abelian lattice gauge theories in terms of a new set of dynamical variables, the plaquette occupation numbers (PONs) that are natural numbers, is discussed. They are the expansion indices of the…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2018-09-26 R. Leme , O. Oliveira , G. Krein

We study Yang-Mills lattice theories with $Sp(N_c)$ gauge group, with $N_c=2N$, for $N=1,\,\cdots,\,4$. We show that if we divide the renormalised couplings appearing in the Wilson flow by the quadratic Casimir $C_2(F)$ of the $Sp(N_c)$…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2022-11-30 Ed Bennett , Deog Ki Hong , Jong-Wan Lee , C. -J. David Lin , Biagio Lucini , Maurizio Piai , Davide Vadacchino

In this note, we discuss a random current expansion and a switching lemma for Ising lattice gauge theory at all choices of inverse temperature $\beta$, leading to summation over surfaces. We also describe couplings of this expansion with…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Malin P. Forsström , Fredrik Viklund

Recent development in numerical simulations of supersymmetric Yang-Mills (SYM) theories on the lattice is reviewed.

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2008-11-26 I. Montvay

A four-dimensional analog of Chern-Simons theory produces integrable lattice models from Wilson lines and surface operators. We show that this theory describes a quasi-topological sector of maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory in six…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-09-30 Kevin Costello , Junya Yagi

This work is about pure Yang-Mills theory in four Euclidean dimensions with gauge group SU(N). We study rectangular smeared Wilson loops on the lattice at large N and relatively close to the large-N transition point in their eigenvalue…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2015-06-05 Robert Lohmayer , Herbert Neuberger