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We introduce Proximal Policy Distillation (PPD), a novel policy distillation method that integrates student-driven distillation and Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) to increase sample efficiency and to leverage the additional rewards that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Giacomo Spigler

Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) has emerged as a crucial method for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human-annotated demonstrations. However, SFT, being an off-policy approach similar to behavior cloning, often struggles with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Qingru Zhang , Liang Qiu , Ilgee Hong , Zhenghao Xu , Tianyi Liu , Shiyang Li , Rongzhi Zhang , Zheng Li , Lihong Li , Bing Yin , Chao Zhang , Jianshu Chen , Haoming Jiang , Tuo Zhao

Autonomous UAV inspection of confined industrial infrastructure, such as ventilation ducts, demands robust navigation policies where collisions are unacceptable. While Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) offers a powerful paradigm for…

Plateaus, where an agent's performance stagnates at a suboptimal level, are a common problem in deep on-policy RL. Focusing on PPO due to its widespread adoption, we show that plateaus in certain regimes arise not because of known…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Michael Beukman , Khimya Khetarpal , Zeyu Zheng , Will Dabney , Jakob Foerster , Michael Dennis , Clare Lyle

Reinforcement learning algorithms such as group-relative policy optimization (GRPO) have shown strong potential for improving the mathematical reasoning capabilities of large language models. While a growing body of work seeks to improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Wenquan Lu , Hai Huang , Enqi Liu , Randall Balestriero

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has significantly advanced the training of large language models and enhanced their reasoning capabilities, while it remains susceptible to instability due to the use of hard clipping. Soft Adaptive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Egor Denisov , Svetlana Glazyrina , Maksim Kryzhanovskiy , Roman Ischenko

Hierarchical reinforcement learning is a promising approach to tackle long-horizon decision-making problems with sparse rewards. Unfortunately, most methods still decouple the lower-level skill acquisition process and the training of a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Alexander C. Li , Carlos Florensa , Ignasi Clavera , Pieter Abbeel

Since its introduction a decade ago, \emph{relative entropy policy search} (REPS) has demonstrated successful policy learning on a number of simulated and real-world robotic domains, not to mention providing algorithmic components used by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-18 Aldo Pacchiano , Jonathan Lee , Peter Bartlett , Ofir Nachum

Model-based algorithms, which learn a dynamics model from logged experience and perform some sort of pessimistic planning under the learned model, have emerged as a promising paradigm for offline reinforcement learning (offline RL).…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-28 Tianhe Yu , Aviral Kumar , Rafael Rafailov , Aravind Rajeswaran , Sergey Levine , Chelsea Finn

Proximal policy optimization and trust region policy optimization (PPO and TRPO) with actor and critic parametrized by neural networks achieve significant empirical success in deep reinforcement learning. However, due to nonconvexity, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Boyi Liu , Qi Cai , Zhuoran Yang , Zhaoran Wang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models such as OpenVLA, Octo, and $\pi_0$ have shown strong generalization by leveraging large-scale demonstrations, yet their performance is still fundamentally constrained by the quality and coverage of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Mingyang Lyu , Yinqian Sun , Erliang Lin , Huangrui Li , Ruolin Chen , Feifei Zhao , Yi Zeng

Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO)-based reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) is a widely adopted paradigm for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. However, its training pipeline suffers from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Kaizhuo Yan , Yingjie Yu , Yifan Yu , Haizhong Zheng , Fan Lai

Policy gradient methods ignore the potential value of adjusting environment variables: unobservable state features that are randomly determined by the environment in a physical setting, but are controllable in a simulator. This can lead to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Supratik Paul , Michael A. Osborne , Shimon Whiteson

Offline reinforcement learning (RL), also known as batch RL, aims to optimize policy from a large pre-recorded dataset without interaction with the environment. This setting offers the promise of utilizing diverse, pre-collected datasets to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Qiang He , Xinwen Hou

Diffusion policies, widely adopted in decision-making scenarios such as robotics, gaming and autonomous driving, are capable of learning diverse skills from demonstration data due to their high representation power. However, the sub-optimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Ningyuan Yang , Jiaxuan Gao , Feng Gao , Yi Wu , Chao Yu

The policy represented by the deep neural network can overfit the spurious features in observations, which hamper a reinforcement learning agent from learning effective policy. This issue becomes severe in high-dimensional state, where the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-01 Md Masudur Rahman , Yexiang Xue

Group Relative Policy Optimisation (GRPO) enhances large language models by estimating advantages across a group of sampled trajectories. However, mapping these trajectory-level advantages to policy updates requires aggregating token-level…

Stochastic optimization lies at the core of most statistical learning models. The recent great development of stochastic algorithmic tools focused significantly onto proximal gradient iterations, in order to find an efficient approach for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-31 Andrei Patrascu , Ciprian Paduraru , Paul Irofti

The policy gradient method enjoys the simplicity of the objective where the agent optimizes the cumulative reward directly. Moreover, in the continuous action domain, parameterized distribution of action distribution allows easy control of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Md Masudur Rahman , Yexiang Xue

In this paper, how to efficiently find the optimal path in complex warehouse layout and make real-time decision is a key problem. This paper proposes a new method of Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) and Dijkstra's algorithm, Proximal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Keqin Li , Lipeng Liu , Jiajing Chen , Dezhi Yu , Xiaofan Zhou , Ming Li , Congyu Wang , Zhao Li
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