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Real-world domain experts (e.g., doctors) rarely annotate only a decision label in their day-to-day workflow without providing explanations. Yet, existing low-resource learning techniques, such as Active Learning (AL), that aim to support…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Bingsheng Yao , Ishan Jindal , Lucian Popa , Yannis Katsis , Sayan Ghosh , Lihong He , Yuxuan Lu , Shashank Srivastava , Yunyao Li , James Hendler , Dakuo Wang

Large language models (LLMs) show promise for clinical reasoning and decision support, but evaluation in realistic, electronic health record-congruent settings remains limited. Existing benchmarks often rely on static datasets or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Valentina Bui Muti , Eugénie Dulout , Ziquan Fu

In this study, we present MedS-Bench, a comprehensive benchmark designed to evaluate the performance of large language models (LLMs) in clinical contexts. Unlike existing benchmarks that focus on multiple-choice question answering,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Chaoyi Wu , Pengcheng Qiu , Jinxin Liu , Hongfei Gu , Na Li , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang , Weidi Xie

Medical problem-solving demands expert knowledge and intricate reasoning. Recent studies of large language models (LLMs) attempt to ease this complexity by introducing external knowledge verification through retrieval-augmented generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Yue Huang , Yanyuan Chen , Dexuan Xu , Chenzhuo Zhao , Weihua Yue , Yu Huang

Many complex discourse-level tasks can aid domain experts in their work but require costly expert annotations for data creation. To speed up and ease annotations, we investigate the viability of automatically generated annotation…

Plain Language Summaries (PLS) aim to make research accessible to lay readers, but they are typically written in a one-size-fits-all style that ignores differences in readers' information needs and comprehension. In health contexts, this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Joey Chan , Yikun Han , Jingyuan Chen , Samuel Fang , Lauren D. Gryboski , Alexandra Lee , Sheel Tanna , Qingqing Zhu , Zhiyong Lu , Lucy Lu Wang , Yue Guo

Data-driven scientific discovery requires the iterative integration of scientific domain knowledge, statistical expertise, and an understanding of data semantics to make nuanced analytical decisions, e.g., about which variables,…

Machine reading comprehension has made great progress in recent years owing to large-scale annotated datasets. In the clinical domain, however, creating such datasets is quite difficult due to the domain expertise required for annotation.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Xiang Yue , Bernal Jimenez Gutierrez , Huan Sun

Current Large Language Models (LLMs) benchmarks are often based on open-ended or close-ended QA evaluations, avoiding the requirement of human labor. Close-ended measurements evaluate the factuality of responses but lack expressiveness.…

We present a new dataset for machine comprehension in the medical domain. Our dataset uses clinical case reports with around 100,000 gap-filling queries about these cases. We apply several baselines and state-of-the-art neural readers to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Simon Šuster , Walter Daelemans

Sentence Simplification aims to rephrase complex sentences into simpler sentences while retaining original meaning. Large Language models (LLMs) have demonstrated the ability to perform a variety of natural language processing tasks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Yutao Feng , Jipeng Qiang , Yun Li , Yunhao Yuan , Yi Zhu

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) in medical contexts has the potential to save time, cut costs, increase report accuracy, and reduce physician burnout. However, the healthcare industry has been slower to adopt this technology, in part due…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-14 Joel Shor , Ruyue Agnes Bi , Subhashini Venugopalan , Steven Ibara , Roman Goldenberg , Ehud Rivlin

Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable performance on standard medical benchmarks, yet their true clinical reasoning ability remains unclear. Existing datasets predominantly emphasize classification…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Miao Jing , Mengting Jia , Junling Lin , Zhongxia Shen , Huan Gao , Mingkun Xu , Shangyang Li

Language models (LMs) represent an emerging paradigm within artificial intelligence, with applications throughout the medical enterprise. A comprehensive understanding of the clinical task and awareness of the variability in performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Victor Garcia , Mariia Sidulova , Aldo Badano

The lack of interpretability in the field of medical image analysis has significant ethical and legal implications. Existing interpretable methods in this domain encounter several challenges, including dependency on specific models,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Lijie Hu , Songning Lai , Wenshuo Chen , Hongru Xiao , Hongbin Lin , Lu Yu , Jingfeng Zhang , Di Wang

Electronic healthcare records are vital for patient safety as they document conditions, plans, and procedures in both free text and medical codes. Language models have significantly enhanced the processing of such records, streamlining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Joakim Edin , Maria Maistro , Lars Maaløe , Lasse Borgholt , Jakob D. Havtorn , Tuukka Ruotsalo

We present PULSE, a medical reasoning agent that combines a domain-tuned large language model with scientific literature retrieval to support diagnostic decision-making in complex real-world cases. To evaluate its capabilities, we curated a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Zhongzhen Huang , Yan Ling , Hong Chen , Ye Feng , Li Wu , Linjie Mu , Shaoting Zhang , Xiaofan Zhang , Kun Qian , Xiaomu Li

The recent success of Large Language Models (LLMs) has had a significant impact on the healthcare field, providing patients with medical advice, diagnostic information, and more. However, due to a lack of professional medical knowledge,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Wenya Xie , Qingying Xiao , Yu Zheng , Xidong Wang , Junying Chen , Ke Ji , Anningzhe Gao , Xiang Wan , Feng Jiang , Benyou Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities on various tasks, while the further evolvement is limited to the lack of high-quality training data. In addition, traditional training approaches rely too much on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Peidong Wang , Ming Wang , Zhiming Ma , Xiaocui Yang , Shi Feng , Daling Wang , Yifei Zhang , Kaisong Song

Understanding decision-making in clinical environments is of paramount importance if we are to bring the strengths of machine learning to ultimately improve patient outcomes. Several factors including the availability of public data, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Alex J. Chan , Ioana Bica , Alihan Huyuk , Daniel Jarrett , Mihaela van der Schaar