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Neural ordinary differential equations (NODEs) are an effective approach for data-driven modeling of dynamical systems arising from simulations and experiments. One of the major shortcomings of NODEs, especially when coupled with explicit…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-30 Allen Alvarez Loya , Daniel A. Serino , J. W. Burby , Qi Tang

Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (NODEs) are a new class of models that transform data continuously through infinite-depth architectures. The continuous nature of NODEs has made them particularly suitable for learning the dynamics of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Alexander Norcliffe , Cristian Bodnar , Ben Day , Nikola Simidjievski , Pietro Liò

In this article, we explore the effects of memory terms in continuous-layer Deep Residual Networks by studying Neural ODEs (NODEs). We investigate two types of models. On one side, we consider the case of Residual Neural Networks with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-10-19 Domènec Ruiz-Balet , Elisa Affili , Enrique Zuazua

Neural ordinary differential equations (NODEs) -- parametrizations of differential equations using neural networks -- have shown tremendous promise in learning models of unknown continuous-time dynamical systems from data. However, every…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Franck Djeumou , Cyrus Neary , Eric Goubault , Sylvie Putot , Ufuk Topcu

Universal approximation theory offers a foundational framework to verify neural network expressiveness, enabling principled utilization in real-world applications. However, most existing theoretical constructions are established by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 ZeYu Li , ShiJun Zhang , TieYong Zeng , FengLei Fan

A method for approximating sixth-order ordinary differential equations is proposed, which utilizes a deep learning feedforward artificial neural network, referred to as a neural solver. The efficacy of this unsupervised machine learning…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-16 Janavi Bhalala , B. Veena S. N. Rao

Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (NODEs) probed the usage of numerical solvers to solve the differential equation characterized by a Neural Network (NN), therefore initiating a new paradigm of deep learning models with infinite depth.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Vishal Purohit

A recent paradigm views deep neural networks as discretizations of certain controlled ordinary differential equations, sometimes called neural ordinary differential equations. We make use of this perspective to link expressiveness of deep…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-07-20 Christa Cuchiero , Martin Larsson , Josef Teichmann

The universal approximation theorem, in one of its most general versions, says that if we consider only continuous activation functions $\sigma$, then a standard feedforward neural network with one hidden layer is able to approximate any…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Kai Fong Ernest Chong

We describe generalizations of the universal approximation theorem for neural networks to maps invariant or equivariant with respect to linear representations of groups. Our goal is to establish network-like computational models that are…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-04-30 Dmitry Yarotsky

Recently, versions of neural networks with infinite-dimensional affine operators inside the computational units (``neural operator'' networks) have been applied to learn solutions to differential equations. To enable practical computations,…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Vinícius Luz Oliveira , Vladimir G. Pestov

Neural differential equations are a promising new member in the neural network family. They show the potential of differential equations for time series data analysis. In this paper, the strength of the ordinary differential equation (ODE)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-21 Mansura Habiba , Barak A. Pearlmutter

This paper introduces Uncertainty Propagation Network (UPN), a novel family of neural differential equations that naturally incorporate uncertainty quantification into continuous-time modeling. Unlike existing neural ODEs that predict only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Hadi Jahanshahi , Zheng H. Zhu

Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) represent a significant advancement at the intersection of machine learning and dynamical systems, offering a continuous-time analog to discrete neural networks. Despite their promise, deploying…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-06-18 Matteo Caldana , Jan S. Hesthaven

We show that Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) learn representations that preserve the topology of the input space and prove that this implies the existence of functions Neural ODEs cannot represent. To address these…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-29 Emilien Dupont , Arnaud Doucet , Yee Whye Teh

We introduce a new class of deep neural networks (DNNs) with multilayered tree-like architectures. The architectures are codified using numbers from the ring of integers of non-Archimdean local fields. These rings have a natural…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-31 W. A. Zúñiga-Galindo

Probabilistic forecasting of irregularly sampled time series is crucial in domains such as healthcare and finance, yet it remains a formidable challenge. Existing Neural Controlled Differential Equation (Neural CDE) approaches, while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Ilya Kuleshov , Alexander Marusov , Alexey Zaytsev

Deep learning has been widely applied and brought breakthroughs in speech recognition, computer vision, and many other domains. The involved deep neural network architectures and computational issues have been well studied in machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-23 Ding-Xuan Zhou

Neural ordinary differential equations (ODEs) provide expressive representations of invertible transport maps that can be used to approximate complex probability distributions, e.g., for generative modeling, density estimation, and Bayesian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Youssef Marzouk , Zhi Ren , Jakob Zech

Fractional Differential Equations (FDEs) are essential tools for modelling complex systems in science and engineering. They extend the traditional concepts of differentiation and integration to non-integer orders, enabling a more precise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-27 C. Coelho , M. Fernanda P. Costa , L. L. Ferrás