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This Thesis presents some physically motivated criteria for the existence of particles and infra-particles in a given quantum field theory. It is based on a refined spectral theory of automorphism groups describing the energy-momentum…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-01-26 Wojciech Dybalski

The polynomial automorphisms of the affine plane over a field K form a group which has the structure of an amalgamated free product. This well-known algebraic structure can be used to determine some key results about the symmetry and…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2014-09-30 Michael Baake , John A. G. Roberts

Let X be a smooth projective surface defined over an uncountable algebraically closed field k and let k(X) be its field of rational functions. Let s be an automorphism of X. This paper proves there is a non-negative integer n and elements a…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2013-08-20 S. Paul Smith

We classify plethories over fields of characteristic zero, thus answering a question of Borger-Wieland and Bergman-Hausknecht. All plethories over characteristic zero fields are linear, in the sense that they are free plethories on a…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2017-01-06 Magnus Carlson

We give explicit formulae for fringe lengths of the Calegari-Walker Ziggurats -- i.e. graphs of extremal rotation numbers associated to positive words in free groups. These formulae reveal (partial) integral projective self-similarity in…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2016-01-06 Subhadip Chowdhury

A subset $S$ of vertices in a planar graph $G$ is a free set if, for every set $P$ of $|S|$ points in the plane, there exists a straight-line crossing-free drawing of $G$ in which vertices of $S$ are mapped to distinct points in $P$. In…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Vida Dujmović , Pat Morin

Given a variety of universal algebras. A method is suggested for describing automorphisms of a category of free algebras of this variety. Applying this general method all automorphisms of such categories are found in two cases: 1) for the…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Boris Plotkin , Grigori Zhitomirski

The aim of this paper is to further explore an idea from J.-L. Loday briefly exposed in [5]. We impose a natural and simple symmetry on a unit action over the most general quadratic relation which can be written. This leads us to two…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Leroux Philippe

In a previous paper [1] [MR4101040], we initiated a systematic study of semihypergroups and had a thorough discussion about some important analytic and algebraic objects associated to this class of objects. In this paper, we investigate…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2022-09-30 Choiti Bandyopadhyay

For an arbitrary rational polyhedron we consider its decompositions into Minkowski summands and, dual to this, the free extensions of the associated pair of semigroups. Being free for the pair of semigroups is equivalent to flatness for the…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2020-04-17 Klaus Altmann , Alexandru Constantinescu , Matej Filip

We construct a `nice' subcomplex of the Outer Space for a free product in order to give a geometric proof that the pure symmetric outer automorphisms of a given splitting of a free product are generated by factor outer automorphisms and…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-23 Harry Iveson

The special linear groups, the mapping class groups of surfaces, the outer autormorphism groups of free groups appear in numerous domains. Their analogies, developped in particular in K. Vogtmann's work, have been written about a lot. In…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2011-10-04 Frédéric Paulin

Linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) $I_d + \sum_{j=1}^g A_jx_j + \sum_{j=1}^g A_j^*x_j^*\succeq0$ play a role in many areas of applications and the set of solutions to one is called a spectrahedron. LMIs in (dimension--free) matrix variables…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2018-12-10 Meric Augat , J. William Helton , Igor Klep , Scott McCullough

We define a notion of cofibration among n-categories and show that the cofibrant objects are exactly the free ones, that is those generated by polygraphs.

Category Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Francois Metayer

Important spectral features, such as the emptiness of the residual spectrum, countability of the point spectrum, provided the space is separable, and a characterization of spectral gap at $0$, known to hold for bounded scalar type spectral…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2017-06-30 Marat V. Markin

We present a construction called layered wheel. Layered wheels are graphs of arbitrarily large treewidth and girth. They might be an outcome for a possible theorem characterizing graphs with large treewidth in terms of their induced…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Ni Luh Dewi Sintiari , Nicolas Trotignon

Eberhard-type theorems are statements about the realizability of a polytope (or more general polyhedral maps) given the valency of its vertices and sizes of its polygonal faces up to a linear linear degree of freedom. We present new…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-01-04 Sebastian Manecke

This article investigates matrix convex sets and introduces their tracial analogs which we call contractively tracial convex sets. In both contexts completely positive (cp) maps play a central role: unital cp maps in the case of matrix…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2018-04-27 J. William Helton , Igor Klep , Scott McCullough

An algorithm is proposed for research into the symmetrical properties of theoretical and mathematical physics equations. The application of this algorithm to the free Schrodinger equation permited us to establish that in addition to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 G. A. Kotel'nikov

This paper considers matrix convex sets invariant under several types of rotations. It is known that matrix convex sets that are free semialgebraic are solution sets of Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs); they are called free spectrahedra.…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2018-04-27 Eric Evert , J. William Helton , Igor Klep , Scott McCullough