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The structure of complex networks in previous research has been widely described as scale-free networks generated by the preferential attachment model. However, the preferential attachment model does not take into account the detailed…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2008-02-26 Nobuhiko Oshida , Sigeo Ihara

Quantum networks are advancing the information technology infrastructure of society. Simulation and emulation software tools have emerged to support the design, development, and deployment of quantum networks, however, classical simulation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Brian Doolittle , Michael Cubeddu

Quantum networks are an integral component in performing efficient computation and communication tasks that are not accessible using classical systems. A key aspect in designing an effective and scalable quantum network is generating…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-10 Sudipto Singha Roy , Himadri Shekhar Dhar , Debraj Rakshit , Aditi Sen De , Ujjwal Sen

The design of the Quantum Internet protocol stack is at its infancy and early-stage conceptualization. And different heterogeneous proposals are currently available in the literature. The underlying assumption of the existing proposals is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-01 Angela Sara Cacciapuoti , Jessica Illiano , Marcello Caleffi

We review the main findings on the ranking capabilities of the recently proposed Quantum PageRank algorithm (G.D. Paparo et al., Sci. Rep. 2, 444 (2012) and G.D. Paparo et al., Sci. Rep. 3, 2773 (2013)) applied to large complex networks.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-15 G. D. Paparo , M. Müller , F. Comellas , M. A. Martin-Delgado

The formalism of quantum theory over discrete systems is extended in two significant ways. First, quantum evolutions are generalized to act over entire network configurations, so that nodes may find themselves in a quantum superposition of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-30 Pablo Arrighi , Amélia Durbec , Matt Wilson

The behavior of complex networks under failure or attack depends strongly on the specific scenario. Of special interest are scale-free networks, which are usually seen as robust under random failure but appear to be especially vulnerable to…

Physics and Society · Physics 2010-07-06 B. Berche , C. von Ferber , T. Holovatch , Yu. Holovatch

With the rapid advancement of quantum information technology, quantum networks have become essential for supporting diverse applications, which often have stringent demands for key metrics such as fidelity and request completion time. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-08 Yuan Li , Chen Zhang , Hao Zhang , Tao Huang , Yunjie Liu

The complexity of large-scale 6G-and-beyond networks demands innovative approaches for multi-objective optimization over vast search spaces, a task often intractable. Quantum computing (QC) emerges as a promising technology for efficient…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Sebastian Macaluso , Giovanni Geraci , Elías F. Combarro , Sergi Abadal , Ioannis Arapakis , Sofia Vallecorsa , Eduard Alarcón

The existence of inter-dependence between multiple networks imparts an additional scale of complexity to such systems often referred to as `network of networks' (NON). We have investigated the robustness of NONs to random breakdown of their…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-01-09 Aradhana Singh , Sitabhra Sinha

The topology of classical networks is determined by physical links between nodes, and after a network request the links are used to establish the desired connections. Quantum networks offer the possibility to generate different kinds of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-15 Jorge Miguel-Ramiro , Alexander Pirker , Wolfgang Dür

The highly specialist terms `quantum computing' and `quantum information', together with the broader term `quantum technologies', now appear regularly in the mainstream media. While this is undoubtedly highly exciting for physicists and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-15 Fernando J. Gómez-Ruiz , Ferney J. Rodríguez , Luis Quiroga , Neil F. Johnson

As the field of the quantum internet advances, a comprehensive guide to navigate its complexities has become increasingly crucial. While quantum computing shares foundational principles with the quantum internet, distinguishing between the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-22 Vinay Kumar , Claudio Cicconetti , Marco Conti , Andrea Passarella

The behaviour of complex networks under failure or attack depends strongly on the specific scenario. Of special interest are scale-free networks, which are usually seen as robust under random failure but appear to be especially vulnerable…

Physics and Society · Physics 2012-09-25 Bertrand Berche , Christian von Ferber , Taras Holovatch , Yurij Holovatch

In the century following its discovery, applications for quantum physics are opening a new world of technological possibilities. With the current decade witnessing quantum supremacy, quantum technologies are already starting to change the…

Large-scale quantum computers threaten the public-key cryptographic foundations underpinning today's network security infrastructures. While significant progress has been made in standardizing post-quantum cryptographic (PQC) primitives and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Elisa Bertino , Ramana Kompella , Ashish Kundu , Cristina Nita-Rotaru , Jaideep Vaidya , Attila A. Yavuz

The capacity to resist attacks from the environment is crucial to the survival of all organisms. We quantitatively analyze the susceptibility of protein interaction networks of numerous organisms to random and malicious attacks. We find for…

Computational Physics · Physics 2010-10-19 Christian M. Schneider , Roberto F. S. Andrade , Troy Shinbrot , Hans J. Herrmann

Existing classical optical network infrastructure cannot be immediately used for quantum network applications due to photon loss. The first step towards enabling quantum networks is the integration of quantum repeaters into optical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-28 Shahrooz Pouryousef , Hassan Shapourian , Alireza Shabani , Ramana Kompella , Don Towsley

With the rapid development of quantum information and technology in recent years, the construction of quantum internet for interconnecting all kinds of quantum devices, such as quantum processors and sensors, will be the next trend for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-09 Hao Zhang , Yuan Li , Chen Zhang , Tao Huang

Quantum and private communications are affected by a fundamental limitation which severely restricts the optimal rates that are achievable by two distant parties. To overcome this problem, one needs to introduce quantum repeaters and, more…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-30 Stefano Pirandola