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We present a new framework for analysing the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm. Drawing on recent advances in the theory of gradient flows over Euclidean-Wasserstein spaces, we extend techniques from alternating minimization in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-21 Rocco Caprio , Adam M Johansen

The expectation--maximization (EM) algorithm combines global monotonicity, local linear convergence, and strong practical robustness, but these features are usually analyzed separately. Global descent is nonlinear, whereas local convergence…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-11 Qiao Wang

In this letter, we employ and design the expectation--conditional maximization either (ECME) algorithm, a generalisation of the EM algorithm, for solving the maximum likelihood direction finding problem of stochastic sources, which may be…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-05 Ming-yan Gong , Bin Lyu

The expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm is an iterative method for finding maximum likelihood estimates when data are incomplete or are treated as being incomplete. The EM algorithm and its variants are commonly used for parameter…

Computation · Statistics 2013-06-26 Ryan P. Browne , Sanjeena Subedi , Paul McNicholas

The Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm is a popular choice for learning latent variable models. Variants of the EM have been initially introduced, using incremental updates to scale to large datasets, and using Monte Carlo (MC)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-03-22 Belhal Karimi , Ping Li

We consider the problem of inference in a linear regression model in which the relative ordering of the input features and output labels is not known. Such datasets naturally arise from experiments in which the samples are shuffled or…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-04-04 Abubakar Abid , James Zou

A novel algorithm named Perturbed Prox-Preconditioned SPIDER (3P-SPIDER) is introduced. It is a stochastic variancereduced proximal-gradient type algorithm built on Stochastic Path Integral Differential EstimatoR (SPIDER), an algorithm…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-26 Gersende Fort , E Moulines

We show that a large class of Estimation of Distribution Algorithms, including, but not limited to, Covariance Matrix Adaption, can be written as a Monte Carlo Expectation-Maximization algorithm, and as exact EM in the limit of infinite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-14 David H. Brookes , Akosua Busia , Clara Fannjiang , Kevin Murphy , Jennifer Listgarten

In this work, we introduce a novel estimator of the predictive risk with Poisson data, when the loss function is the Kullback-Leibler divergence, in order to define a regularization parameter's choice rule for the Expectation Maximization…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-05-26 Paolo Massa , Federico Benvenuto

This paper considers an approximate dynamic matrix factor model that accounts for the time series nature of the data by explicitly modelling the time evolution of the factors. We study estimation of the model parameters based on the…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-08 Matteo Barigozzi , Luca Trapin

This paper presents a fully blind phase-aware expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm for OFDM systems with the phase-shift keying (PSK) modulation. We address the well-known local maximum problem of the EM algorithm for blind channel…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-27 Chin-Hung Chen , Ivana Nikoloska , Wim van Houtum , Yan Wu , Alex Alvarado

The stochastic approximation EM algorithm (SAEM) is described for the estimation of item and person parameters given test data coded as dichotomous or ordinal variables. The method hinges upon the eigenanalysis of missing variables sampled…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-01-01 Eugene Geis

Mixture of linear regression is well studied in statistics and machine learning, where the data points are generated probabilistically using $k$ linear models. Algorithms like Expectation Maximization (EM) may be used to recover the ground…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Avishek Ghosh

Regression analysis with missing data is a long-standing and challenging problem, particularly when there are many missing variables with arbitrary missing patterns. Likelihood-based methods, although theoretically appealing, are often…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-10-16 Ngok Sang Kwok , Kin Yau Wong

Expectation maximization (EM) is the default algorithm for fitting probabilistic models with missing or latent variables, yet we lack a full understanding of its non-asymptotic convergence properties. Previous works show results along the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Frederik Kunstner , Raunak Kumar , Mark Schmidt

The Stochastic Approximation EM (SAEM) algorithm, a variant stochastic approximation of EM, is a versatile tool for inference in incomplete data models. In this paper, we review the fundamental EM algorithm and then focus especially on the…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-11-30 Vahid Tadayon

In this paper a novel stochastic optimization and extremum seeking algorithm is presented, one which is based on time-delayed random perturbations and step size adaptation. For the case of a one-dimensional quadratic unconstrained…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-10-29 Naum Dimitrieski , Michael Reyer , Mohamed-Ali Belabbas , Christian Ebenbauer

Decentralized optimization algorithms have attracted intensive interests recently, as it has a balanced communication pattern, especially when solving large-scale machine learning problems. Stochastic Path Integrated Differential Estimator…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Taoxing Pan , Jun Liu , Jie Wang

We show how the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm can be applied exactly for the fitting of mixtures of general multivariate skew t (MST) distributions, eliminating the need for computationally expensive Monte Carlo estimation. Finite…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-09-06 S. X. Lee , G. J. McLachlan

We propose an Anderson Acceleration (AA) scheme for the adaptive Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm for unsupervised learning a finite mixture model from multivariate data (Figueiredo and Jain 2002). The proposed algorithm is able to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Truong Nguyen , Guangye Chen , Luis Chacon