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Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as important components across various fields, yet their training requires substantial computation resources and abundant labeled data. It poses a challenge to robustly training LLMs for individual…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Jiaxing QI , Zhongzhi Luan , Shaohan Huang , Carol Fung , Hailong Yang , Depei Qian

Federated learning (FL) enhances privacy by keeping user data on local devices. However, emerging attacks have demonstrated that the updates shared by users during training can reveal significant information about their data. This has…

As on-device large language model (LLM) systems become increasingly prevalent, federated fine-tuning enables advanced language understanding and generation directly on edge devices; however, it also involves processing sensitive,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Honghui Xu , Shiva Shrestha , Wei Chen , Zhiyuan Li , Zhipeng Cai

Federated learning (FL) has enabled the training of multilingual large language models (LLMs) on diverse and decentralized multilingual data, especially on low-resource languages. To improve client-specific performance, personalization via…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Royson Lee , Minyoung Kim , Fady Rezk , Rui Li , Stylianos I. Venieris , Timothy Hospedales

The widespread adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been driven by significant advances in intelligent system research. However, this progress has raised concerns about data privacy, leading to a growing awareness of the need for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Md. Tanzib Hosain , Asif Zaman , Md. Shahriar Sajid , Shadman Sakeeb Khan , Shanjida Akter

With the growing availability of smart devices and cloud services, personal speech assistance systems are increasingly used on a daily basis. Most devices redirect the voice recordings to a central server, which uses them for upgrading the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-01 Wentao Yu , Jan Freiwald , Sören Tewes , Fabien Huennemeyer , Dorothea Kolossa

This paper studies retrieval-augmented approaches for personalizing large language models (LLMs), which potentially have a substantial impact on various applications and domains. We propose the first attempt to optimize the retrieval models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Alireza Salemi , Surya Kallumadi , Hamed Zamani

Federated learning (FL) is vulnerable to heterogeneously distributed data, since a common global model in FL may not adapt to the heterogeneous data distribution of each user. To counter this issue, personalized FL (PFL) was proposed to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-28 Tiansheng Huang , Shiwei Liu , Li Shen , Fengxiang He , Weiwei Lin , Dacheng Tao

Increasing concerns and regulations about data privacy and sparsity necessitate the study of privacy-preserving, decentralized learning methods for natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Federated learning (FL) provides promising…

LLMs have demonstrated great capabilities in various NLP tasks. Different entities can further improve the performance of those LLMs on their specific downstream tasks by fine-tuning LLMs. When several entities have similar interested…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Weirui Kuang , Bingchen Qian , Zitao Li , Daoyuan Chen , Dawei Gao , Xuchen Pan , Yuexiang Xie , Yaliang Li , Bolin Ding , Jingren Zhou

Fine-tuning is essential to adapt general-purpose large language models (LLMs) to domain-specific tasks. As a privacy-preserving framework to leverage decentralized data for collaborative model training, Federated Learning (FL) is gaining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Guohao Yang , Tongle Wu , Yuanxiong Guo , Ying Sun , Yanmin Gong

Personalized Federated Learning (PFL) enables clients to collaboratively train personalized models tailored to their individual objectives, addressing the challenge of model generalization in traditional Federated Learning (FL) due to high…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Mrinmay Sen , Chalavadi Krishna Mohan

The recent trend towards Personalized Federated Learning (PFL) has garnered significant attention as it allows for the training of models that are tailored to each client while maintaining data privacy. However, current PFL techniques…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Yue Wu , Shuaicheng Zhang , Wenchao Yu , Yanchi Liu , Quanquan Gu , Dawei Zhou , Haifeng Chen , Wei Cheng

The current literature on memorization in Natural Language Models, especially Large Language Models (LLMs), poses severe security and privacy risks, as models tend to memorize personally identifying information (PIIs) from training data. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Kunj Joshi , David A. Smith

Text summarization is essential for information aggregation and demands large amounts of training data. However, concerns about data privacy and security limit data collection and model training. To eliminate this concern, we propose a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Rongfeng Pan , Jianzong Wang , Lingwei Kong , Zhangcheng Huang , Jing Xiao

Federated Learning (FL) has gained popularity for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) across multiple nodes, each with its own private data. While LoRA has been widely adopted for parameter efficient federated fine-tuning, recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Navyansh Mahla , Sunny Gupta , Amit Sethi

Federated fine-tuning (FFT) has emerged as a privacy-preserving paradigm for collaboratively adapting large language models (LLMs). Built upon federated learning, FFT enables distributed agents to jointly refine a shared pretrained LLM by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Hanlin Cai , Kai Li , Houtianfu Wang , Haofan Dong , Yichen Li , Falko Dressler , Ozgur B. Akan

Prompt learning is a crucial technique for adapting pre-trained multimodal language models (MLLMs) to user tasks. Federated prompt personalization (FPP) is further developed to address data heterogeneity and local overfitting, however, it…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Sizai Hou , Songze Li , Baturalp Buyukates

Fine-tuning pre-trained large language models (LLMs) has become a common practice for personalized natural language understanding (NLU) applications on downstream tasks and domain-specific datasets. However, there are two main challenges:…

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) in federated settings enables privacy-preserving adaptation but suffers from cross-client interference due to model aggregation. Existing federated LoRA fine-tuning methods, primarily based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Jieming Bian , Lei Wang , Letian Zhang , Jie Xu