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It has been suggested that merging black hole (BH) binaries in active galactic nucleus (AGN) discs formed through two-body scatterings via the gas-capture process may explain a significant fraction of BH mergers in AGN and a non-negligible…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-10 Connar Rowan , Henry Whitehead , Bence Kocsis

There is an ongoing debate concerning the driver of nuclear activity in galaxies, with AGN either being triggered by major or minor galactic mergers or, alternatively, through secular processes like cooling gas accretion and/or formation of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-03-19 Marios Karouzos , Matt J. Jarvis , David Bonfield

The occurrence of dual active galactic nuclei (AGN) on scales of a few tens of kpc can be used to study merger-induced accretion on massive black holes (MBHs) and to derive clues on MBH mergers, using dual AGN as a parent population of…

Mergers are suspected to be reliable triggers of both starformation and AGN activity. However, the exact timing of this process remains poorly understood. Here, we present deep imaging and long slit spectroscopy data of a sample of four…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2013-03-11 Carolin Villforth , Fred Hamann

Supermassive black hole (SMBH) binaries form due to galaxy mergers and minor accretion events. When the SMBHs are accreting, they form dual or binary AGN and can give rise to double-peaked emission lines in the optical spectra of the merger…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-02-05 K. Rubinur , M. Das , P. Kharb

We study the fraction of dual AGN in a sample of 167 nearby (z<0.05), moderate luminosity, ultra hard X-ray selected AGN from the all-sky Swift BAT survey. Combining new Chandra and Gemini observations together with optical and X-ray…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-03 Michael Koss , Richard Mushotzky , Ezequiel Treister , Sylvain Veilleux , Ranjan Vasudevan , Margaret Trippe

Galaxy mergers are expected to have a profound influence on the star formation histories of galaxies. It is generally expected that mergers are the main drivers of galaxy mass growth through the accretion of mass and the triggering of new…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-02-18 Josephine Chishala , Roberto De Propris , Mirjana Pović

Stellar-mass binary black hole\,(BBH) mergers resulting from binary-single interactions\,(BSIs) in active galactic nucleus\,(AGN) disks are a potential source of gravitational wave\,(GW) events with measurable eccentricities. Previous…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-13 Mengye Wang , Qingwen Wu , Yiqiu Ma

Hierarchical galaxy mergers will lead to the formation of binary and, in the case of a subsequent merger before a binary coalesce, triple supermassive black holes (SMBHs), given that most massive galaxies harbor SMBHs. A triple of SMBHs…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Xin Liu , Yue Shen , Michael A. Strauss

As the third installment in a series systematically searching dual active galactic nuclei (AGN) amongst merging galaxies, we present the results of 20 dual AGNs found by using the SDSS fiber spectra. To reduce the flux contamination from…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-12-08 Yang-wei Zhang , Yang Huang , Jin-ming Bai , Xiao-wei Liu , Jian-guo Wang , Xiao-bo Dong

The role of galaxy mergers in fueling active galactic nuclei (AGN) is still debated, owing partly to selection effects inherent to studies of the merger/AGN connection. In particular, luminous AGN are often heavily obscured in late-stage…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-07-23 Laura Blecha , Gregory F. Snyder , Shobita Satyapal , Sara L. Ellison

Kpc-scale triple active galactic nuclei (AGNs), potential precursors of gravitationally-bound triple massive black holes (MBHs), are rarely seen objects and believed to play an important role in the evolution of MBHs and their host…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-08-03 Sijia Peng , Zhiyuan Li , Xin Liu , Kristina Nyland , Joan M. Wrobel , Meicun Hou

During galaxy merger events, the supermassive black holes in the center of the galaxies may form a pair of active galactic nuclei (AGN) with kpc-scale or even pc-scale separation. Recently, optical observations revealed a promising dual AGN…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-12-22 Patrik Milán Veres , Krisztina É. Gabányi , Sándor Frey , Zsolt Paragi , Emma Kun , Tao An

We present a study on the incidence of major mergers and their impact on the triggering of nuclear activity in 47 type I and 236 type II optically-selected AGN from the MaNGA DR15 sample. From an estimate of non-parametric image predictors…

Major mergers between galaxies are predicted to fuel their central supermassive black holes (SMBHs), particularly after coalescence. However, determining the prevalence of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in mergers remains a challenge,…

Active galactic nuclei (AGN), particularly the most luminous AGN, are commonly assumed to be triggered through major mergers, however observational evidence for this scenario is mixed. To investigate any influence of galaxy mergers on AGN…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-07-05 Tim Hewlett , Carolin Villforth , Vivienne Wild , Jairo Mendez-Abreu , Milena Pawlik , Kate Rowlands

We examine possible environmental sources of the enhanced star formation and active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity in the $z = 3.09$ SSA22 protocluster using Hubble WFC3 F160W ($\sim1.6\ \rm \mu m$) observations of the SSA22 field,…

We study the impact of environmental effects on the measurement of the Hubble constant ($H_0$) from gravitational wave (GW) observations of binary black hole mergers residing in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) near the central supermassive…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-16 Guo-Peng Li , Xi-Long Fan

There is a candidate electromagnetic (EM) counterpart to the binary black hole merger GW190521, identified as ZTF19abanrhr within active galactic nuclei (AGN) J124942.3 + 344929. Additionally, GW190514 is proposed as a plausible precursor…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-05-12 Guo-Peng Li , Xi-Long Fan

Dual Active Galactic Nuclei (dual AGNs), a phase in some galaxy mergers during which both central supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are active, are expected to be a key observable stage leading up to SMBH mergers. Constraining the population…