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Color/kinematics duality and the double-copy construction have proved to be systematic tools for gaining new insight into gravitational theories. Extending our earlier work, in this paper we introduce new double-copy constructions for large…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-08-25 Marco Chiodaroli , Murat Gunaydin , Henrik Johansson , Radu Roiban

Tree-level amplitudes of gauge theories are expressed in a basis of auxiliary amplitudes with only cubic vertices. The vertices in this formalism are explicitly factorized in color and kinematics, clarifying the color-kinematics duality in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-04 N. E. J. Bjerrum-Bohr , Poul H. Damgaard , Ricardo Monteiro , Donal O'Connell

Conventional Lagrangian formulations of gauge and gravity theories emphasize compactness and off-shell symmetry. This often obscures the structure of on-shell physical observables. In this work, we present a constructive framework that…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-03-20 John Joseph M. Carrasco , Suna Zekioglu

Here we discuss color-kinematics duality for higher-derivative QCD-like amplitudes. We explicitly show that the duality still holds in this case and it can be instrumental in constructing the associated quadratic-gravity amplitudes by using…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-03-30 Gabriel Menezes

We present new relations for scattering amplitudes of color ordered gluons and gravitons in Einstein-Yang-Mills theory. Tree-level amplitudes of arbitrary multiplicities and polarizations involving up to three gravitons and up to two color…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-01-24 Dhritiman Nandan , Jan Plefka , Oliver Schlotterer , Congkao Wen

We demonstrate that modern machine-learning methods can autonomously reconstruct several flagship analytic structures in scattering amplitudes directly from numerical on-shell data. In particular, we show that the Kawai--Lewellen--Tye (KLT)…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-02-18 Nathan Moynihan

Based on the covariant color-kinematics duality, we investigate combinatorial and algebraic structures underlying their Bern-Carrasco-Johansson (BCJ) numerators of tree-level amplitudes in Yang-Mills-scalar (YMS) theory. The closed-formulae…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-02-08 Qu Cao , Jin Dong , Song He , Yao-Qi Zhang

Recently it has been shown that Bern-Carrasco-Johansson (BCJ) numerators of colour-kinematic duality for tree-level scattering amplitudes in Yang-Mills theory (coupled with scalars) can be determined using a quasi-shuffle Hopf algebra. In…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-03-28 Gang Chen , Laurentiu Rodina , Congkao Wen

In flat space, the color/kinematics duality states that perturbative Yang-Mills amplitudes can be written in such a way that kinematic numerators obey the same Jacobi relations as their color factors. This remarkable duality implies BCJ…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-03-17 Connor Armstrong , Arthur E. Lipstein , Jiajie Mei

We formalize the computation of tree-level scattering amplitudes in terms of the homotopy transfer of homotopy algebras, illustrating it with scalar $\phi^3$ and Yang-Mills theory. The data of a (gauge) field theory with an action is…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-01-11 Roberto Bonezzi , Christoph Chiaffrino , Felipe Diaz-Jaramillo , Olaf Hohm

Both the Bern, Carrasco and Johansson (BCJ) and the Kawai, Lewellen and Tye (KLT) double-copy formalisms have been recently generalized to a class of scattering matrix elements (so-called form factors) that involve local gauge-invariant…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-02-16 Guanda Lin , Gang Yang

The double copy programme relies crucially on the so-called color-kinematics duality which, in turn, is widely believed to descend from a kinematic algebra possessed by gauge theories. In this paper we construct the kinematic algebra of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-11-08 Roberto Bonezzi , Felipe Diaz-Jaramillo , Silvia Nagy

We extend the double copy picture of scattering amplitudes to a class of matrix elements (so-called form factors) that involve local gauge invariant operators. Both the Bern, Carrasco and Johansson (BCJ) and the Kawai, Lewellen and Tye…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-12-28 Guanda Lin , Gang Yang

The Loop-Tree Duality (LTD) theorem is an innovative technique to deal with multi-loop scattering amplitudes, leading to integrand-level representations over an Euclidean space. In this article, we review the last developments concerning…

A new perspective on the inverse string theory Kawai-Lewellen-Tye (KLT) kernel is provided which establishes the universality of scattering amplitudes in the bi-adjoint scalar (BAS) theory, pions in the Non-linear sigma model (NLSM), and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-05-06 Christoph Bartsch , Karol Kampf , Jiří Novotný , Jaroslav Trnka

The discovery of colour-kinematic duality has led to significant progress in the computation of scattering amplitudes in quantum field theories. At tree level, the origin of the duality can be traced back to the monodromies of open-string…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-10-17 Alexander Ochirov , Piotr Tourkine , Pierre Vanhove

Recently, Arkani-Hamed et al. proposed the existence of zeros in scattering amplitudes in certain quantum field theories including the cubic adjoint scalar theory Tr($\phi^3$), the $SU(N)$ non-linear sigma model (NLSM) and Yang-Mills (YM)…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-03-19 Christoph Bartsch , Taro V. Brown , Karol Kampf , Umut Oktem , Shruti Paranjape , Jaroslav Trnka

We derive a vertex operator based expression for the kinematic numerators of Yang-Mills amplitudes by applying the momentum kernel formalism to open string amplitudes. The expression involves an $\alpha'$-weighted commutator induced by the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-10-17 Chih-Hao Fu , Pierre Vanhove , Yihong Wang

The Bern-Carrasco-Johansson (BCJ) double-copy construction reveals a fundamental structural connection between gauge and gravity theories. At its core, the BCJ double copy is directly due to a duality between the algebraic relations of a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-16 John Joseph M. Carrasco , Sai Sasank Chava , Alex Edison , Eliseu Kloster , Suna Zekioğlu

Recently a powerful duality between color and kinematics has been proposed for integrands of scattering amplitudes in quite general gauge theories. In this paper the duality proposal is extended to the more general class of gauge theory…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-12 Rutger H. Boels , Bernd A. Kniehl , Oleg V. Tarasov , Gang Yang