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Biological neural networks continue to inspire breakthroughs in neural network performance. And yet, one key area of neural computation that has been under-appreciated and under-investigated is biologically plausible, energy-efficient…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Kai Malcolm , Josue Casco-Rodriguez

In recent years, deep learning has been a revolution in the field of machine learning, for computer vision in particular. In this approach, a deep (multilayer) artificial neural network (ANN) is trained in a supervised manner using…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Amirhossein Tavanaei , Masoud Ghodrati , Saeed Reza Kheradpisheh , Timothee Masquelier , Anthony S. Maida

This paper introduces an analog spiking neuron that utilizes time-domain information, i.e., a time interval of two signal transitions and a pulse width, to construct a spiking neural network (SNN) for a hardware-friendly physical reservoir…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Nanako Kimura , Ckristian Duran , Zolboo Byambadorj , Ryosho Nakane , Tetsuya Iizuka

Neuromorphic computing is a new paradigm for design of both the computing hardware and algorithms inspired by biological neural networks. The event-based nature and the inherent parallelism make neuromorphic computing a promising paradigm…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-07-10 Sebastian Glatz , Julien N. P. Martel , Raphaela Kreiser , Ning Qiao , Yulia Sandamirskaya

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) exhibit superior energy efficiency but suffer from limited performance. In this paper, we consider SNNs as ensembles of temporal subnetworks that share architectures and weights, and highlight a crucial issue…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Yongqi Ding , Lin Zuo , Mengmeng Jing , Pei He , Hanpu Deng

Efficient parallel computing has become a pivotal element in advancing artificial intelligence. Yet, the deployment of Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) in this domain is hampered by their inherent sequential computational dependency. This…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Yang Li , Yinqian Sun , Xiang He , Yiting Dong , Dongcheng Zhao , Yi Zeng

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have emerged as a class of bio -inspired networks that leverage sparse, event-driven signaling to achieve low-power computation while inherently modeling temporal dynamics. Such characteristics align closely…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Hemanth Sabbella , Archit Mukherjee , Thivya Kandappu , Sounak Dey , Arpan Pal , Archan Misra , Dong Ma

Reinforcement learning agents based on Transformer architectures have achieved impressive performance on sequential decision-making tasks, but their reliance on dense matrix operations makes them ill-suited for energy-constrained,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Vishal Pandey , Debasmita Biswas

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer a biologically inspired computational paradigm, enabling energy-efficient data processing through spike-based information transmission. Despite notable advancements in hardware for SNNs, spike encoding…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-03 MHD Anas Alsakkal , Runze Wang , Piotr Dudek , Jayawan Wijekoon

Nowadays we witness a miniaturisation trend in the semiconductor industry backed up by groundbreaking discoveries and designs in nanoscale characterisation and fabrication. To facilitate the trend and produce ever smaller, faster and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Karolos-Alexandros Tsakalos , Georgios Ch. Sirakoulis , Andrew Adamatzky , Jim Smith

This paper presents a novel approach for signal reconstruction using Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) based on the principles of Cognitive Informatics and Cognitive Computing. The proposed SNN leverages the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Lei Zhang

The bio-inspired integrate-fire-reset mechanism of spiking neurons constitutes the foundation for efficient processing in Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs). Recent progress in large models demands that spiking neurons support highly parallel…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yanbin Huang , Man Yao , Yuqi Pan , Changze Lv , Siyuan Xu , Xiaoqing Zheng , Bo Xu , Guoqi Li

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are highly energy-efficient due to event-driven, sparse computation, but their training is challenged by spike non-differentiability and trade-offs among performance, efficiency, and biological plausibility.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Zihan Huang , Zijie Xu , Yihan Huang , Shanshan Jia , Tong Bu , Yiting Dong , Wenxuan Liu , Jianhao Ding , Zhaofei Yu , Tiejun Huang

Neuromorphic and quantum computing have recently emerged as promising paradigms for advancing artificial intelligence, each offering complementary strengths. Neuromorphic systems built on spiking neurons excel at processing time series data…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Jiechen Chen , Bipin Rajendran , Osvaldo Simeone

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) operate with asynchronous discrete events (or spikes) which can potentially lead to higher energy-efficiency in neuromorphic hardware implementations. Many works have shown that an SNN for inference can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Nitin Rathi , Gopalakrishnan Srinivasan , Priyadarshini Panda , Kaushik Roy

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) with leaky integrate and fire (LIF) neurons, can be operated in an event-driven manner and have internal states to retain information over time, providing opportunities for energy-efficient neuromorphic…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Wachirawit Ponghiran , Kaushik Roy

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are a promising paradigm for energy-efficient event-driven computation, but large-scale SNN execution remains challenging because sparse spike communication and synchronization can dominate runtime. Existing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Muhammad Ihsan Al Hafiz , Artur Podobas

Emergence of deep neural networks (DNNs) has raised enormous attention towards artificial neural networks (ANNs) once again. They have become the state-of-the-art models and have won different machine learning challenges. Although these…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Shahriar Rezghi Shirsavar , Abdol-Hossein Vahabie , Mohammad-Reza A. Dehaqani

Self-organizing memristive networks are physical circuits that dynamically reconfigure their circuitry in response to external input signals. Their adaptive behavior arises from intrinsic neuro-synaptic dynamics combined with a…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-04-28 Yinhao Xu , Georg A. Gottwald , Zdenka Kuncic

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are potential competitors to artificial neural networks (ANNs) due to their high energy-efficiency on neuromorphic hardware. However, SNNs are unfolded over simulation time steps during the training process.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Hong Zhang , Yu Zhang