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In present object detection systems, the deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are utilized to predict bounding boxes of object candidates, and have gained performance advantages over the traditional region proposal methods. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-08-05 Jiahui Yu , Yuning Jiang , Zhangyang Wang , Zhimin Cao , Thomas Huang

Bounding box regression is an important component in object detection. Recent work achieves promising performance by optimizing the Intersection over Union~(IoU). However, IoU-based loss has the gradient vanish problem in the case of low…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Tu Zheng , Shuai Zhao , Yang Liu , Zili Liu , Deng Cai

Bounding box regression plays a crucial role in the field of object detection, and the positioning accuracy of object detection largely depends on the loss function of bounding box regression. Existing researchs improve regression…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Hao Zhang , Shuaijie Zhang

Without densely tiled anchor boxes or grid points in the image, sparse R-CNN achieves promising results through a set of object queries and proposal boxes updated in the cascaded training manner. However, due to the sparse nature and the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-06 Jing Zhao , Shengjian Wu , Li Sun , Qingli Li

Object detectors have hugely profited from moving towards an end-to-end learning paradigm: proposals, features, and the classifier becoming one neural network improved results two-fold on general object detection. One indispensable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-05-10 Jan Hosang , Rodrigo Benenson , Bernt Schiele

Non-maximum suppression is an integral part of the object detection pipeline. First, it sorts all detection boxes on the basis of their scores. The detection box M with the maximum score is selected and all other detection boxes with a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-08-09 Navaneeth Bodla , Bharat Singh , Rama Chellappa , Larry S. Davis

Four-variable-independent-regression localization losses, such as Smooth-$\ell_1$ Loss, are used by default in modern detectors. Nevertheless, this kind of loss is oversimplified so that it is inconsistent with the final evaluation metric,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-06 Hanyang Peng , Shiqi Yu

Open-vocabulary 3D object detection has gained significant interest due to its critical applications in autonomous driving and embodied AI. Existing detection methods, whether offline or online, typically rely on dense point cloud…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Yuqing Lan , Chenyang Zhu , Zhirui Gao , Jiazhao Zhang , Yihan Cao , Renjiao Yi , Yijie Wang , Kai Xu

Pedestrian detection in a crowd is a very challenging issue. This paper addresses this problem by a novel Non-Maximum Suppression (NMS) algorithm to better refine the bounding boxes given by detectors. The contributions are threefold: (1)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-09 Songtao Liu , Di Huang , Yunhong Wang

The accuracy of object detectors and trackers is most commonly evaluated by the Intersection over Union (IoU) criterion. To date, most approaches are restricted to axis-aligned or oriented boxes and, as a consequence, many datasets are only…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-27 Tobias Bottger , Patrick Follmann , Michael Fauser

Bounding box regression (BBR) is fundamental to object detection, where the regression loss is crucial for accurate localization. Existing IoU-based losses often incorporate handcrafted geometric penalties to address IoU's…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Haoyuan Liu , Hiroshi Watanabe

As one of the most fundamental and challenging problems in computer vision, object detection tries to locate object instances and find their categories in natural images. The most important step in the evaluation of object detection…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-19 Qiang Zhao , Bin Chen , Hang Xu , Yike Ma , Xiaodong Li , Bailan Feng , Chenggang Yan , Feng Dai

The effectiveness of Object Detection, one of the central problems in computer vision tasks, highly depends on the definition of the loss function - a measure of how accurately your ML model can predict the expected outcome. Conventional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Zhora Gevorgyan

Object detection is an important task in environment perception for autonomous driving. Modern 2D object detection frameworks such as Yolo, SSD or Faster R-CNN predict multiple bounding boxes per object that are refined using…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Nils Gählert , Niklas Hanselmann , Uwe Franke , Joachim Denzler

A significant challenge in object detection is accurate identification of an object's position in image space, whereas one algorithm with one set of parameters is usually not enough, and the fusion of multiple algorithms and/or parameters…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-20 Pan Wei , John E. Ball , Derek T. Anderson

Detecting tiny objects is a very challenging problem since a tiny object only contains a few pixels in size. We demonstrate that state-of-the-art detectors do not produce satisfactory results on tiny objects due to the lack of appearance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Jinwang Wang , Chang Xu , Wen Yang , Lei Yu

In object detection, bounding box regression (BBR) is a crucial step that determines the object localization performance. However, we find that most previous loss functions for BBR have two main drawbacks: (i) Both $\ell_n$-norm and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Yi-Fan Zhang , Weiqiang Ren , Zhang Zhang , Zhen Jia , Liang Wang , Tieniu Tan

Provenance-based intrusion detection has emerged as a promising approach for analyzing complex attack behaviors through system-level provenance graphs. However, existing defense methods face an inherent granularity limitation. Node-centric…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Fan Yang , Binyan Xu , Di Tang , Kehuan Zhang

Benefiting from the great success of deep learning in computer vision, CNN-based object detection methods have drawn significant attentions. Various frameworks have been proposed which show awesome and robust performance for a large range…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-15 Yongliang Chen

Automated detection of contraband items in X-ray images can significantly increase public safety, by enhancing the productivity and alleviating the mental load of security officers in airports, subways, customs/post offices, etc. The large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Georgios Batsis , Ioannis Mademlis , Georgios Th. Papadopoulos