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Related papers: Towards Label-Agnostic Emotion Embeddings

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Emotion recognition in conversations (ERC) focuses on identifying emotion shifts within interactions, representing a significant step toward advancing machine intelligence. However, ERC data remains scarce, and existing datasets face…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Burak Can Kaplan , Hugo Cesar De Castro Carneiro , Stefan Wermter

Multi-modal Multi-label Emotion Recognition (MMER) aims to identify various human emotions from heterogeneous visual, audio and text modalities. Previous methods mainly focus on projecting multiple modalities into a common latent space and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Yi Zhang , Mingyuan Chen , Jundong Shen , Chongjun Wang

Large language models are routinely deployed on text that varies widely in emotional tone, yet their reasoning behavior is typically evaluated without accounting for emotion as a source of representational variation. Prior work has largely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Benjamin Reichman , Adar Avsian , Samuel Webster , Larry Heck

Emotion classification in multilingual settings remains constrained by the scarcity of annotated data: existing corpora are predominantly English, single-label, and cover few languages. We address this gap by constructing a large-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Vadim Borisov

Most existing emotion analysis emphasizes which emotion arises (e.g., happy, sad, angry) but neglects the deeper why. We propose Emotion Interpretation (EI), focusing on causal factors-whether explicit (e.g., observable objects,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Yuxiang Lin , Jingdong Sun , Zhi-Qi Cheng , Jue Wang , Haomin Liang , Zebang Cheng , Yifei Dong , Jun-Yan He , Xiaojiang Peng , Xian-Sheng Hua

Several messages express opinions about events, products, and services, political views or even their author's emotional state and mood. Sentiment analysis has been used in several applications including analysis of the repercussions of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-06-03 Pollyanna Gonçalves , Matheus Araújo , Fabrício Benevenuto , Meeyoung Cha

We propose emotion2vec, a universal speech emotion representation model. emotion2vec is pre-trained on open-source unlabeled emotion data through self-supervised online distillation, combining utterance-level loss and frame-level loss…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Ziyang Ma , Zhisheng Zheng , Jiaxin Ye , Jinchao Li , Zhifu Gao , Shiliang Zhang , Xie Chen

Human emotion understanding is pivotal in making conversational technology mainstream. We view speech emotion understanding as a perception task which is a more realistic setting. With varying contexts (languages, demographics, etc.)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Payal Mohapatra , Akash Pandey , Yueyuan Sui , Qi Zhu

The lack of contextual information in text data can make the annotation process of text-based emotion classification datasets challenging. As a result, such datasets often contain labels that fail to consider all the relevant emotions in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Daniel Yang , Aditya Kommineni , Mohammad Alshehri , Nilamadhab Mohanty , Vedant Modi , Jonathan Gratch , Shrikanth Narayanan

Generating emotional language is a key step towards building empathetic natural language processing agents. However, a major challenge for this line of research is the lack of large-scale labeled training data, and previous studies are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-15 Xianda Zhou , William Yang Wang

The web is loaded with textual content, and Natural Language Processing is a standout amongst the most vital fields in Machine Learning. But when data is huge simple Machine Learning algorithms are not able to handle it and that is when…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-07-09 Debadri Dutta

Most emotion recognition methods tackle the emotion understanding task by considering individual emotion independently while ignoring their fuzziness nature and the interconnections among them. In this paper, we explore how emotion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-24 Peng Xu , Zihan Liu , Genta Indra Winata , Zhaojiang Lin , Pascale Fung

Social media is increasingly used by humans to express their feelings and opinions in the form of short text messages. Detecting sentiments in the text has a wide range of applications including identifying anxiety or depression of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-23 Shaunak Joshi , Deepali Deshpande

Evaluating Large Language Models' (LLMs) anthropomorphic capabilities has become increasingly important in contemporary discourse. Utilizing the emotion appraisal theory from psychology, we propose to evaluate the empathy ability of LLMs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Jen-tse Huang , Man Ho Lam , Eric John Li , Shujie Ren , Wenxuan Wang , Wenxiang Jiao , Zhaopeng Tu , Michael R. Lyu

Most existing word embedding approaches do not distinguish the same words in different contexts, therefore ignoring their contextual meanings. As a result, the learned embeddings of these words are usually a mixture of multiple meanings. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-12-04 Jian Tang , Meng Qu , Qiaozhu Mei

This work investigates how large language models (LLMs) internally represent emotion by analyzing the geometry of their hidden-state space. The paper identifies a low-dimensional emotional manifold and shows that emotional representations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Benjamin Reichman , Adar Avsian , Larry Heck

Understanding emotions and expressions is a task of interest across multiple disciplines, especially for improving user experiences. Contrary to the common perception, it has been shown that emotions are not discrete entities but instead…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Niklas Wagner , Felix Mätzler , Samed R. Vossberg , Helen Schneider , Svetlana Pavlitska , J. Marius Zöllner

We introduce a novel approach to emotion modeling that shifts the focus from identification to evaluation, addressing the limitations of discrete classification in applied domains such as finance. By constructing a dataset of emotional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Francesco A. Fabozzi , Dasol Kim , William N. Goetzmann

As different people perceive others' emotional expressions differently, their annotation in terms of arousal and valence are per se subjective. To address this, these emotion annotations are typically collected by multiple annotators and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-26 Navin Raj Prabhu , Nale Lehmann-Willenbrock , Timo Gerkmann

We propose the task of emotion style transfer, which is particularly challenging, as emotions (here: anger, disgust, fear, joy, sadness, surprise) are on the fence between content and style. To understand the particular difficulties of this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-18 David Helbig , Enrica Troiano , Roman Klinger