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Repeated off-chip memory accesses to DRAM drive up operating power for data-intensive applications, and SRAM technology scaling and leakage power limits the efficiency of embedded memories. Future on-chip storage will need higher density…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-01-13 Lillian Pentecost , Alexander Hankin , Marco Donato , Mark Hempstead , Gu-Yeon Wei , David Brooks

Deep Learning neural networks are pervasive, but traditional computer architectures are reaching the limits of being able to efficiently execute them for the large workloads of today. They are limited by the von Neumann bottleneck: the high…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Wilfried Haensch , Anand Raghunathan , Kaushik Roy , Bhaswar Chakrabarti , Charudatta M. Phatak , Cheng Wang , Supratik Guha

To support emerging applications ranging from holographic communications to extended reality, next-generation mobile wireless communication systems require ultra-fast and energy-efficient baseband processors. Traditional complementary…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-22 Qunsong Zeng , Jiawei Liu , Mingrui Jiang , Jun Lan , Yi Gong , Zhongrui Wang , Yida Li , Can Li , Jim Ignowski , Kaibin Huang

`In-memory computing' is being widely explored as a novel computing paradigm to mitigate the well known memory bottleneck. This emerging paradigm aims at embedding some aspects of computations inside the memory array, thereby avoiding…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-03-30 Mustafa Ali , Akhilesh Jaiswal , Sangamesh Kodge , Amogh Agrawal , Indranil Chakraborty , Kaushik Roy

Byte-addressable non-volatile memory (NVM) features high density, DRAM comparable performance, and persistence. These characteristics position NVM as a promising new tier in the memory hierarchy. Nevertheless, NVM has asymmetric read and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-10-18 Ivy B. Peng , Maya B. Gokhale , Eric W. Green

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have transformed the field of machine learning and are widely deployed in many applications involving image, video, speech and natural language processing. The increasing compute demands of DNNs have been widely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Sourjya Roy , Mustafa Ali , Anand Raghunathan

In-memory computing for Machine Learning (ML) applications remedies the von Neumann bottlenecks by organizing computation to exploit parallelism and locality. Non-volatile memory devices such as Resistive RAM (ReRAM) offer integrated…

Traditional von Neumann architecture based processors become inefficient in terms of energy and throughput as they involve separate processing and memory units, also known as~\textit{memory wall}. The memory wall problem is further…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-20 Abhash Kumar , Jawar Singh , Sai Manohar Beeraka , Bharat Gupta

Applications of Binary Neural Networks (BNNs) are promising for embedded systems with hard constraints on computing power. Contrary to conventional neural networks with the floating-point datatype, BNNs use binarized weights and activations…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-11-14 Mahdi Zahedi , Taha Shahroodi , Stephan Wong , Said Hamdioui

Big data applications are on the rise, and so is the number of data centers. The ever-increasing massive data pool needs to be periodically backed up in a secure environment. Moreover, a massive amount of securely backed-up data is required…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Shamiul Alam , Jack Hutchins , Nikhil Shukla , Kazi Asifuzzaman , Ahmedullah Aziz

Non-volatile memory (NVM) provides a scalable and power-efficient solution to replace DRAM as main memory. However, because of relatively high latency and low bandwidth of NVM, NVM is often paired with DRAM to build a heterogeneous memory…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-05-03 Kai Wu , Yingchao Huang , Dong Li

Designing lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN) models is an active research area in edge AI. Compute-in-memory (CIM) provides a new computing paradigm to alleviate time and energy consumption caused by data transfer in von Neumann…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Wenyong Zhou , Yuan Ren , Jiajun Zhou , Tianshu Hou , Ngai Wong

Data-intensive workloads and applications, such as machine learning (ML), are fundamentally limited by traditional computing systems based on the von-Neumann architecture. As data movement operations and energy consumption become key…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-12-24 Mehdi Hassanpour , Marc Riera , Antonio González

Non-volatile memory (NVM) is a class of promising scalable memory technologies that can potentially offer higher capacity than DRAM at the same cost point. Unfortunately, the access latency and energy of NVM is often higher than those of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-05-01 HanBin Yoon , Justin Meza , Rachata Ausavarungnirun , Rachael A. Harding , Onur Mutlu

Non-volatile memory (NVM) crossbars have been identified as a promising technology, for accelerating important machine learning operations, with matrix-vector multiplication being a key example. Binary neural networks (BNNs) are especially…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Ruirong Huang , Zichao Yue , Caroline Huang , Janarbek Matai , Zhiru Zhang

Traditional Von Neumann computing is falling apart in the era of exploding data volumes as the overhead of data transfer becomes forbidding. Instead, it is more energy-efficient to fuse compute capability with memory where the data reside.…

Non-Volatile Main Memories (NVMMs) have recently emerged as promising technologies for future memory systems. Generally, NVMMs have many desirable properties such as high density, byte-addressability, non-volatility, low cost, and energy…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Haikun Liu , Di Chen , Hai Jin , Xiaofei Liao , Bingsheng He , Kan Hu , Yu Zhang

As a promising alternative to the Von Neumann architecture, in-memory computing holds the promise of delivering high computing capacity while consuming low power. Content addressable memory (CAM) can implement pattern matching and distance…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-07-10 Zijing Zhao , Junzhe Kang , Ashwin Tunga , Hojoon Ryu , Ankit Shukla , Shaloo Rakheja , Wenjuan Zhu

With Von-Neumann computing architectures struggling to address computationally- and memory-intensive big data analytic task today, Processing-in-Memory (PIM) platforms are gaining growing interests. In this way, processing-in-DRAM…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-04-12 Shaahin Angizi , Deliang Fan

Processing-in-memory (PIM) is attractive to overcome the limitations of modern computing systems. Numerous PIM systems exist, varying by the technologies and logic techniques used. Successful operation of specific logic functions is crucial…