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Several recent works have found the emergence of grounded compositional language in the communication protocols developed by mostly cooperative multi-agent systems when learned end-to-end to maximize performance on a downstream task.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-17 Paul Pu Liang , Jeffrey Chen , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Louis-Philippe Morency , Satwik Kottur

We study the process of multi-agent reinforcement learning in the context of load balancing in a distributed system, without use of either central coordination or explicit communication. We first define a precise framework in which to study…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-11-17 A. Schaerf , Y. Shoham , M. Tennenholtz

Learning interpretable communication is essential for multi-agent and human-agent teams (HATs). In multi-agent reinforcement learning for partially-observable environments, agents may convey information to others via learned communication,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-12 Seth Karten , Mycal Tucker , Huao Li , Siva Kailas , Michael Lewis , Katia Sycara

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has made significant strides in enabling coordinated behaviors among autonomous agents. However, most existing approaches assume that communication is instantaneous, reliable, and has unlimited…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Zejiao Liu , Yi Li , Jiali Wang , Junqi Tu , Yitian Hong , Fangfei Li , Yang Liu , Toshiharu Sugawara , Yang Tang

Explicit communication among humans is key to coordinating and learning. Social learning, which uses cues from experts, can greatly benefit from the usage of explicit communication to align heterogeneous policies, reduce sample complexity,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Seth Karten , Siva Kailas , Huao Li , Katia Sycara

Learning to communicate is considered an essential task to develop a general AI. While recent literature in language evolution has studied emergent language through discrete or continuous message symbols, there has been little work in the…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Shresth Verma , Joydip Dhar

In this work, we propose a novel memory-based multi-agent meta-learning architecture and learning procedure that allows for learning of a shared communication policy that enables the emergence of rapid adaptation to new and unseen…

We study a neuro-inspired model that mimics a discussion (or information dissemination) process in a network of agents. During their interaction, agents redistribute activity and network weights, resulting in emergence of leader(s). The…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-10-26 Armen E. Allahverdyan , Aram Galstyan

Many real-world problems require the coordination of multiple autonomous agents. Recent work has shown the promise of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to learn explicit communication strategies that enable complex multi-agent coordination.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Jan Blumenkamp , Amanda Prorok

Chain-of-thought prompting has popularized step-by-step reasoning in large language models, yet model performance still degrades as problem complexity and context length grow. By decomposing difficult tasks with long contexts into shorter,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Michael Rizvi-Martel , Satwik Bhattamishra , Neil Rathi , Guillaume Rabusseau , Michael Hahn

Inspired by previous work on emergent communication in referential games, we propose a novel multi-modal, multi-step referential game, where the sender and receiver have access to distinct modalities of an object, and their information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-18 Katrina Evtimova , Andrew Drozdov , Douwe Kiela , Kyunghyun Cho

The question of how an effective and efficient communication system can emerge in a population of agents that need to solve a particular task attracts more and more attention from researchers in many fields, including artificial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Jens Nevens , Paul Van Eecke , Katrien Beuls

We study the problem of emergent communication, in which language arises because speakers and listeners must communicate information in order to solve tasks. In temporally extended reinforcement learning domains, it has proved hard to learn…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-12-13 Tom Eccles , Yoram Bachrach , Guy Lever , Angeliki Lazaridou , Thore Graepel

Inter-agent communication can significantly increase performance in multi-agent tasks that require co-ordination to achieve a shared goal. Prior work has shown that it is possible to learn inter-agent communication protocols using…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Varun Kumar Vijay , Hassam Sheikh , Somdeb Majumdar , Mariano Phielipp

With the rapid evolution of wireless mobile devices, there emerges an increased need to design effective collaboration mechanisms between intelligent agents, so as to gradually approach the final collective objective through continuously…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Xing Xu , Rongpeng Li , Zhifeng Zhao , Honggang Zhang

This paper proposes a generative probabilistic model integrating emergent communication and multi-agent reinforcement learning. The agents plan their actions by probabilistic inference, called control as inference, and communicate using…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Tomoaki Nakamura , Akira Taniguchi , Tadahiro Taniguchi

The literature in modern machine learning has only negative results for learning to communicate between competitive agents using standard RL. We introduce a modified sender-receiver game to study the spectrum of partially-competitive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Michael Noukhovitch , Travis LaCroix , Angeliki Lazaridou , Aaron Courville

This paper investigates multi-agent frequencybased patrolling of intersecting, circle graphs under conditions where graph nodes have non-uniform visitation requirements and agents have limited ability to communicate. The task is modeled as…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2014-02-10 Tao Mao , Laura Ray

Communication is a important factor that enables agents work cooperatively in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). Most previous work uses continuous message communication whose high representational capacity comes at the expense of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Sheng Li , Yutai Zhou , Ross Allen , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

We consider the problem of the limited-bandwidth communication for multi-agent reinforcement learning, where agents cooperate with the assistance of a communication protocol and a scheduler. The protocol and scheduler jointly determine…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Rundong Wang , Xu He , Runsheng Yu , Wei Qiu , Bo An , Zinovi Rabinovich