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Current LLM safety defenses fail under decomposition attacks, where a malicious goal is decomposed into benign subtasks that circumvent refusals. The challenge lies in the existing shallow safety alignment techniques: they only detect harm…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Chen Yueh-Han , Nitish Joshi , Yulin Chen , Maksym Andriushchenko , Rico Angell , He He

Memory disclosure attacks play an important role in the exploitation of memory corruption vulnerabilities. By analyzing recent research, we observe that bypasses of defensive solutions that enforce control-flow integrity or attempt to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Robert Gawlik , Philipp Koppe , Benjamin Kollenda , Andre Pawlowski , Behrad Garmany , Thorsten Holz

Microarchitectural timing side channels have been thoroughly investigated as a security threat in hardware designs featuring shared buffers (e.g., caches) or parallelism between attacker and victim task execution. However, contradicting…

This paper evaluates new security threats due to the processor frontend in modern Intel processors. The root causes of the security threats are the multiple paths in the processor frontend that the micro-operations can take: through the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Shuwen Deng , Bowen Huang , Jakub Szefer

AES-128 encryption is theoretically secure but vulnerable in practical deployments due to timing and fault injection attacks on embedded systems. This work presents a lightweight dual-detection framework combining statistical thresholding…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Nishant Chinnasami , Rasha Karakchi

Besides cryptographic secrets, side-channel attacks also leak sensitive user input. The most accurate attacks exploit cache timings or interrupt information to monitor keystroke timings and subsequently infer typed words and sentences.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-06-21 Michael Schwarz , Moritz Lipp , Daniel Gruss , Samuel Weiser , Clémentine Maurice , Raphael Spreitzer , Stefan Mangard

Encrypting data before sending it to the cloud protects it against hackers and malicious insiders, but requires the cloud to compute on encrypted data. Trusted (hardware) modules, e.g., secure enclaves like Intel's SGX, can very efficiently…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-10-03 Andreas Fischer , Benny Fuhry , Florian Kerschbaum , Eric Bodden

As quantum computing advances, quantum circuit simulators serve as critical tools to bridge the current gap caused by limited quantum hardware availability. These simulators are typically deployed on cloud platforms, where users submit…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Ben Dong , Hui Feng , Qian Wang

Speculative execution techniques have been a cornerstone of modern processors to improve instruction-level parallelism. However, recent studies showed that this kind of techniques could be exploited by attackers to leak secret data via…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Bowen Tang , Chenggang Wu , Zhe Wang , Lichen Jia , Pen-Chung Yew , Yueqiang Cheng , Yinqian Zhang , Chenxi Wang , Guoqing Harry Xu

With increasingly sophisticated cyber-adversaries able to access a wider repertoire of mechanisms to implant malware such as ransomware, CPU/GPU keyloggers, and stealthy kernel rootkits, there is an urgent need for techniques to detect and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Farshad Khorrami , Ramesh Karri , Prashanth Krishnamurthy

MicroScope, and microarchitectural replay attacks in general, take advantage of the characteristics of speculative execution to trap the execution of the victim application in an infinite loop, enabling the attacker to amplify a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-22 Christos Sakalis , Stefanos Kaxiras , Magnus Själander

Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) are gradually adopted by major cloud providers, offering a practical option of \emph{confidential computing} for users who don't fully trust public clouds. TEEs use CPU-enabled hardware features to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-15 AKM Mubashwir Alam , Keke Chen

Content-based routing (CBR) is a powerful model that supports scalable asynchronous communication among large sets of geographically distributed nodes. Yet, preserving privacy represents a major limitation for the wide adoption of CBR,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-01-18 Rafael Pires , Marcelo Pasin , Pascal Felber , Christof Fetzer

Mitigating memory-access attacks on the Intel SGX architecture is an important and open research problem. A natural notion of the mitigation is cache-miss obliviousness which requires the cache-misses emitted during an enclave execution are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-11-15 Ju Chen , Yuzhe Tang , Hao Zhou

Side channel attacks have emerged as a serious threat to the security of both networked and embedded systems -- in particular through the implementations of cryptographic operations. Side channels can be difficult to model formally, but…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2009-12-16 Josef Svenningsson , David Sands

Semi-device-independent quantum protocols realize information tasks - e.g. secure key distribution, random access coding, and randomness generation - in a scenario where no assumption on the internal working of the devices used in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-01-28 Michele Dall'Arno , Elsa Passaro , Rodrigo Gallego , Marcin Pawlowski , Antonio Acin

Consider a stochastic process being controlled across a communication channel. The control signal that is transmitted across the control channel can be replaced by a malicious attacker. The controller is allowed to implement any arbitrary…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-04-05 Cheng-Zong Bai , Fabio Pasqualetti , Vijay Gupta

Cache timing attacks allow third-party observers to retrieve sensitive information from program executions. But, is it possible to automatically check the vulnerability of a program against cache timing attacks and then, automatically…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-07-23 Sudipta Chattopadhyay , Abhik Roychoudhury

Side-channel attacks consist of retrieving internal data from a victim system by analyzing its leakage, which usually requires proximity to the victim in the range of a few millimetres. Screaming channels are EM side channels transmitted at…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Jeremy Guillaume , Maxime Pelcat , Amor Nafkha , Rubén Salvador

High-speed interconnects, such as NVLink, are integral to modern multi-GPU systems, acting as a vital link between CPUs and GPUs. This study highlights the vulnerability of multi-GPU systems to covert and side channel attacks due to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Yicheng Zhang , Ravan Nazaraliyev , Sankha Baran Dutta , Nael Abu-Ghazaleh , Andres Marquez , Kevin Barker