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This paper proposes a safe reinforcement learning algorithm for generation bidding decisions and unit maintenance scheduling in a competitive electricity market environment. In this problem, each unit aims to find a bidding strategy that…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-21 Pegah Rokhforoz , Olga Fink

Electrical power grids are vulnerable to cascading failures that can lead to large blackouts. Detection and prevention of cascading failures in power grids is impor- tant. Currently, grid operators mainly monitor the state (loading level)…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-07-20 Martijn Warnier , Stefan Dulman , Yakup Koç , Eric Pauwels

Due to uncertainties and the complicated intrinsic dynamics of power systems, it is difficult to predict the cascading failure paths once the cascades occur. This makes it challenging to achieve the effective power system protection against…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-08-02 Chao Zhai

This work proposes a moving target defense (MTD) strategy to detect coordinated cyber-physical attacks (CCPAs) against power grids. The main idea of the proposed approach is to invalidate the knowledge that the attackers use to mask the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Subhash Lakshminarayana , E. Veronica Belmega , H. Vincent Poor

Cyber warfare has become a critical dimension of modern conflict, driven by society's increasing dependence on interconnected digital and physical infrastructure. Effective cyber defense often requires decision-making at different echelons,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Ya-Ting Yang , Quanyan Zhu

The modernization of power grid infrastructures necessitates the incorporation of decision support systems to effectively mitigate cybersecurity threats. This paper presents a comprehensive framework based on integrating Attack-Defense…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Omer Sen , Yanico Aust , Martin Neumuller , Immanuel Hacker , Andreas Ulbig

This paper aims to identify and analyze the initial contingencies or disturbances that could lead to the worst-case cascading failures of power grids. An optimal control approach is proposed to determine the most disruptive disturbances on…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-04-01 Chao Zhai , Gaoxi Xiao , Hehong Zhang

Smart grid's objective is to enable electricity and information to flow two-way while providing effective, robust, computerized, and decentralized energy delivery. This necessitates the use of state estimation-based techniques and real-time…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Mostafa Mohammadpourfard , Istemihan Genc , Subhash Lakshminarayana , Charalambos Konstantinou

This paper introduces the concept of Deep Reinforcement Learning based architecture for protective relay design in power distribution systems with many distributed energy resources (DERs). The performance of widely-used overcurrent…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-03 Dongqi Wu , Dileep Kalathil , Miroslav Begovic , Le Xie

The new generation of cyber threats leverages advanced AI-aided methods, which make them capable to launch multi-stage, dynamic, and effective attacks. Current cyber-defense systems encounter various challenges to defend against such new…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-21 Hooman Alavizadeh , Julian Jang-Jaccard , Tansu Alpcan , Seyit A. Camtepe

We present a method to automatically find security strategies for the use case of intrusion prevention. Following this method, we model the interaction between an attacker and a defender as a Markov game and let attack and defense…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Kim Hammar , Rolf Stadler

Data injection attacks have recently emerged as a significant threat on the smart power grid. By launching data injection attacks, an adversary can manipulate the real-time locational marginal prices to obtain economic benefits. Despite the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-04-04 Anibal Sanjab , Walid Saad

Active distribution networks facilitating bidirectional power exchange with renewable energy resources are susceptible to cyberattacks due to integration of a diverse array of cyber components. This study introduces a grid-level defense…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-18 Hampei Sasahara , Tatsuya Yamada , Jun-ichi Imura , Henrik Sandberg

In this paper, we introduce a distributed control strategy to prevent dynamically-induced cascading failures in power grids. We model power grids using complex networks and nonlinear dynamics to provide a coarse-grained description of the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-08 Mattia Frasca , Lucia Valentina Gambuzza

The increasing reliance on cyber physical infrastructure in modern power systems has amplified the risk of targeted cyber attacks, necessitating robust and adaptive resilience strategies. This paper presents a mathematically rigorous game…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-11 S Krishna Niketh , Sagar Babu Mitikiri , V Vignesh , Vedantham Lakshmi Srinivas , Mayukha Pal

We consider power line outages in the transmission system of the power grid, and specifically those caused by a natural disaster or a large scale physical attack. In the transmission system, an outage of a line may lead to overload on other…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2012-06-07 Andrey Bernstein , Daniel Bienstock , David Hay , Meric Uzunoglu , Gil Zussman

Reinforcement learning is an emerging approaches to facilitate multi-stage sequential decision-making problems. This paper studies a real-time multi-stage stochastic power dispatch considering multivariate uncertainties. Current researches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Bairong Deng , Tao Yu , Zhenning Pan , Xuehan Zhang , Yufeng Wu , Qiaoyi Ding

The adoption of reinforcement learning for critical infrastructure defense introduces a vulnerability where sophisticated attackers can strategically exploit the defense algorithm's learning dynamics. While prior work addresses this…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Yuksel Arslantas , Ahmed Said Donmez , Ege Yuceel , Muhammed O. Sayin

Smart grid (SG) is a complex cyber-physical system that utilizes modern cyber and physical equipment to run at an optimal operating point. Cyberattacks are the principal threats confronting the usage and advancement of the state-of-the-art…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-05 Nur Imtiazul Haque , Md Hasan Shahriar , Md Golam Dastgir , Anjan Debnath , Imtiaz Parvez , Arif Sarwat , Mohammad Ashiqur Rahman

Modern power systems face increasing vulnerability to sophisticated cyber-physical attacks beyond traditional N-1 contingency frameworks. Existing security paradigms face a critical bottleneck: efficiently identifying worst-case scenarios…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-17 Saman Mazaheri Khamaneh , Tong Wu , Wei Sun , Cong Chen