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Text Classification is the most essential and fundamental problem in Natural Language Processing. While numerous recent text classification models applied the sequential deep learning technique, graph neural network-based models can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Kunze Wang , Yihao Ding , Soyeon Caren Han

Text classification is the most fundamental and essential task in natural language processing. The last decade has seen a surge of research in this area due to the unprecedented success of deep learning. Numerous methods, datasets, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-23 Qian Li , Hao Peng , Jianxin Li , Congying Xia , Renyu Yang , Lichao Sun , Philip S. Yu , Lifang He

With the development of large-scale Language Models (LLM), fine-tuning pre-trained LLM has become a mainstream paradigm for solving downstream tasks of natural language processing. However, training a language model in the legal field…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Chun-Hsien Lin , Pu-Jen Cheng

Text-rich document understanding (TDU) requires comprehensive analysis of documents containing substantial textual content and complex layouts. While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved fast progress in this domain,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Wenhui Liao , Jiapeng Wang , Hongliang Li , Chengyu Wang , Jun Huang , Lianwen Jin

Document content extraction is a critical task in computer vision, underpinning the data needs of large language models (LLMs) and retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems. Despite recent progress, current document parsing methods have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Linke Ouyang , Yuan Qu , Hongbin Zhou , Jiawei Zhu , Rui Zhang , Qunshu Lin , Bin Wang , Zhiyuan Zhao , Man Jiang , Xiaomeng Zhao , Jin Shi , Fan Wu , Pei Chu , Minghao Liu , Zhenxiang Li , Chao Xu , Bo Zhang , Botian Shi , Zhongying Tu , Conghui He

Table extraction has long been a pervasive problem in financial services. This is more challenging in the image domain, where content is locked behind cumbersome pixel format. Luckily, advances in deep learning for image segmentation, OCR,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-10 William Watson , Bo Liu

Our languages are in constant flux driven by external factors such as cultural, societal and technological changes, as well as by only partially understood internal motivations. Words acquire new meanings and lose old senses, new words are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-14 Nina Tahmasebi , Lars Borin , Adam Jatowt

Document parsing from scanned images into structured formats remains a significant challenge due to its complexly intertwined elements such as text paragraphs, figures, formulas, and tables. Existing supervised fine-tuning methods often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Baode Wang , Biao Wu , Weizhen Li , Meng Fang , Zuming Huang , Jun Huang , Haozhe Wang , Yanjie Liang , Ling Chen , Wei Chu , Yuan Qi

Recent availability of data of writing processes at keystroke-granularity has enabled research on the evolution of document writing. A natural step is to develop systems that can actually show this data and make it understandable. Here we…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2017-12-19 Ignacio Perez-Messina , Claudio Gutierrez , Eduardo Graells-Garrido

Given the large size and volumes of contracts and their underlying inherent complexity, manual reviews become inefficient and prone to errors, creating a clear need for automation. Automatic Legal Contract Classification (LCC)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Amrita Singh , Aditya Joshi , Jiaojiao Jiang , Hye-young Paik

Machine reading comprehension (MRC), which requires a machine to answer questions based on a given context, has attracted increasing attention with the incorporation of various deep-learning techniques over the past few years. Although…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-06 Shanshan Liu , Xin Zhang , Sheng Zhang , Hui Wang , Weiming Zhang

This document concerns data readiness in the context of machine learning and Natural Language Processing. It describes how an organization may proceed to identify, make available, validate, and prepare data to facilitate automated analysis…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-10-01 Fredrik Olsson , Magnus Sahlgren

Table recognition is using the computer to automatically understand the table, to detect the position of the table from the document or picture, and to correctly extract and identify the internal structure and content of the table. After…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Shi Jiyuan , Shi chunqi

Object detection, one of the most fundamental and challenging problems in computer vision, seeks to locate object instances from a large number of predefined categories in natural images. Deep learning techniques have emerged as a powerful…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-23 Li Liu , Wanli Ouyang , Xiaogang Wang , Paul Fieguth , Jie Chen , Xinwang Liu , Matti Pietikäinen

The proliferation of long-form documents presents a fundamental challenge to information retrieval (IR), as their length, dispersed evidence, and complex structures demand specialized methods beyond standard passage-level techniques. This…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Minghan Li , Miyang Luo , Tianrui Lv , Yishuai Zhang , Siqi Zhao , Ercong Nie , Guodong Zhou

Object detection is one of the most important and challenging branches of computer vision, which has been widely applied in peoples life, such as monitoring security, autonomous driving and so on, with the purpose of locating instances of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-18 Licheng Jiao , Fan Zhang , Fang Liu , Shuyuan Yang , Lingling Li , Zhixi Feng , Rong Qu

Deep learning expresses a category of machine learning algorithms that have the capability to combine raw inputs into intermediate features layers. These deep learning algorithms have demonstrated great results in different fields. Deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Sukhdeep Singh , Sudhir Rohilla , Anuj Sharma

Due to the nature of human language, historical documents are hard to comprehend by contemporary people. This limits their accessibility to scholars specialized in the time period in which the documents were written. Modernization aims at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-09 Miguel Domingo , Francisco Casacuberta

Understanding visually situated language requires interpreting complex layouts of textual and visual elements. Pre-processing tools, such as optical character recognition (OCR), can map document image inputs to textual tokens, then large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Wang Zhu , Alekh Agarwal , Mandar Joshi , Robin Jia , Jesse Thomason , Kristina Toutanova

Text-to-SQL parsing is an essential and challenging task. The goal of text-to-SQL parsing is to convert a natural language (NL) question to its corresponding structured query language (SQL) based on the evidences provided by relational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Bowen Qin , Binyuan Hui , Lihan Wang , Min Yang , Jinyang Li , Binhua Li , Ruiying Geng , Rongyu Cao , Jian Sun , Luo Si , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li