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Over the past decade, machine learning methods have given us driverless cars, voice recognition, effective web search, and a much better understanding of the human genome. Machine learning is so common today that it is used dozens of times…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Omer Aydin

Unilateral contracts, such as terms of service, play a substantial role in modern digital life. However, few users read these documents before accepting the terms within, as they are too long and the language too complicated. We propose the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Laura Manor , Junyi Jessy Li

Understanding documents is central to many real-world tasks but remains a challenging topic. Unfortunately, there is no well-established consensus on how to comprehensively evaluate document understanding abilities, which significantly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Ruoxi Xu , Hongyu Lin , Xinyan Guan , Xianpei Han , Yingfei Sun , Le Sun

Reading comprehension models are based on recurrent neural networks that sequentially process the document tokens. As interest turns to answering more complex questions over longer documents, sequential reading of large portions of text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Mor Geva , Jonathan Berant

Deep Learning and Machine Learning based models have become extremely popular in text processing and information retrieval. However, the non-linear structures present inside the networks make these models largely inscrutable. A significant…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Sourav Saha , Debapriyo Majumdar , Mandar Mitra

Document parsing is a core task in document intelligence, supporting applications such as information extraction, retrieval-augmented generation, and automated document analysis. However, real-world documents often feature complex layouts…

Information on different fields which are collected by users requires appropriate management and organization to be structured in a standard way and retrieved fast and more easily. Document classification is a conventional method to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-09-18 Madjid Khalilian , Shiva Hassanzadeh

Working with documents is a key part of almost any knowledge work, from contextualizing research in a literature review to reviewing legal precedent. Recently, as their capabilities have expanded, primarily text-based NLP systems have often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Sireesh Gururaja , Nupoor Gandhi , Jeremiah Milbauer , Emma Strubell

This paper presents a comprehensive survey of research works on the topic of form understanding in the context of scanned documents. We delve into recent advancements and breakthroughs in the field, highlighting the significance of language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Abdelrahman Abdallah , Daniel Eberharter , Zoe Pfister , Adam Jatowt

In today's legal environment, lawsuits and regulatory investigations require companies to embark upon increasingly intensive data-focused engagements to identify, collect and analyze large quantities of data. When documents are staged for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-04-04 Rishi Chhatwal , Peter Gronvall , Nathaniel Huber-Fliflet , Robert Keeling , Jianping Zhang , Haozhen Zhao

In recent years, the rise of deep learning and automation requirements in the software industry has elevated Intelligent Software Engineering to new heights. The number of approaches and applications in code understanding is growing, with…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Ruoting Wu , Yuxin Zhang , Qibiao Peng , Liang Chen , Zibin Zheng

Document intelligence automates the extraction of information from documents and supports many business applications. Recent self-supervised learning methods on large-scale unlabeled document datasets have opened up promising directions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-29 Jiuxiang Gu , Jason Kuen , Vlad I. Morariu , Handong Zhao , Nikolaos Barmpalios , Rajiv Jain , Ani Nenkova , Tong Sun

Chemical structure extraction from documents remains a hard problem due to both false positive identification of structures during segmentation and errors in the predicted structures. Current approaches rely on handcrafted rules and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-15 Joshua Staker , Kyle Marshall , Robert Abel , Carolyn McQuaw

Scientific knowledge is predominantly stored in books and scientific journals, often in the form of PDFs. However, the PDF format leads to a loss of semantic information, particularly for mathematical expressions. We propose Nougat (Neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Lukas Blecher , Guillem Cucurull , Thomas Scialom , Robert Stojnic

Document understanding is critical for applications from financial analysis to scientific discovery. Current approaches, whether OCR-based pipelines feeding Large Language Models (LLMs) or native Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs), face key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Sensen Gao , Shanshan Zhao , Xu Jiang , Lunhao Duan , Yong Xien Chng , Qing-Guo Chen , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang , Jia-Wang Bian , Mingming Gong

Document-level relation extraction (DocRE) is an active area of research in natural language processing (NLP) concerned with identifying and extracting relationships between entities beyond sentence boundaries. Compared to the more…

Image semantic segmentation is more and more being of interest for computer vision and machine learning researchers. Many applications on the rise need accurate and efficient segmentation mechanisms: autonomous driving, indoor navigation,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-04-25 Alberto Garcia-Garcia , Sergio Orts-Escolano , Sergiu Oprea , Victor Villena-Martinez , Jose Garcia-Rodriguez

Document intelligence requires accurate text extraction and reliable reasoning over document content. We introduce \textbf{DISCO}, a \emph{Document Intelligence Suite for COmparative Evaluation}, that evaluates optical character recognition…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Kenza Benkirane , Dan Goldwater , Martin Asenov , Aneiss Ghodsi

Historical Document Processing is the process of digitizing written material from the past for future use by historians and other scholars. It incorporates algorithms and software tools from various subfields of computer science, including…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-14 James P. Philips , Nasseh Tabrizi

Capturing the compositional process which maps the meaning of words to that of documents is a central challenge for researchers in Natural Language Processing and Information Retrieval. We introduce a model that is able to represent the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-06-17 Misha Denil , Alban Demiraj , Nal Kalchbrenner , Phil Blunsom , Nando de Freitas