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The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a variational quantum algorithm (VQA) ideal for noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) processors, and is highly successful in solving combinatorial optimization problems (COPs). It…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-23 Francesco Aldo Venturelli , Sreetama Das , Filippo Caruso

The design of fast algorithms for combinatorial optimization greatly contributes to a plethora of domains such as logistics, finance, and chemistry. Quantum approximate optimization algorithms (QAOAs), which utilize the power of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-25 Zeqiao Zhou , Yuxuan Du , Xinmei Tian , Dacheng Tao

The ability of the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) to deliver a quantum advantage on combinatorial optimization problems is still unclear. Recently, a scaling advantage over a classical solver was postulated to exist for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-02 Thorge Müller , Ajainderpal Singh , Frank K. Wilhelm , Tim Bode

The Quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a quantum-classical hybrid algorithm aiming to produce approximate solutions for combinatorial optimization problems. In the QAOA, the quantum part prepares a quantum parameterized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-23 Ningyi Xie , Xinwei Lee , Dongsheng Cai , Yoshiyuki Saito , Nobuyoshi Asai

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) finds approximate solutions to combinatorial optimization problems. Its performance monotonically improves with its depth $p$. We apply the QAOA to MaxCut on large-girth $D$-regular…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-08 Joao Basso , Edward Farhi , Kunal Marwaha , Benjamin Villalonga , Leo Zhou

Traffic optimization on roads is a highly complex problem, with one important aspect being minimization of traffic congestion. By mapping to an Ising formulation of the traffic congestion problem, we benchmark solutions obtained from the…

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a near-term quantum algorithm aimed at solving combinatorial optimization problems. Since its introduction, various generalizations have emerged, spanning modifications to the initial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-18 Truman Yu Ng , Jin Ming Koh , Dax Enshan Koh

The Quantum Approximate Optimisation Algorithm (QAOA) is a leading candidate for near-term quantum advantage, yet its practical impact is hindered by limited performance on symmetric local Hamiltonians and the costly optimisation of…

Quantum algorithms have been widely studied in the context of combinatorial optimization problems. While this endeavor can often analytically and practically achieve quadratic speedups, theoretical and numeric studies remain limited,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-07 Lucas T. Brady , Stuart Hadfield

Quantum optimization methods use a continuous degree-of-freedom of quantum states to heuristically solve combinatorial problems, such as the MAX-CUT problem, which can be attributed to various NP-hard combinatorial problems. This paper…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-15 Ruho Kondo , Yuki Sato , Rudy Raymond , Naoki Yamamoto

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) generates an approximate solution to combinatorial optimization problems using a variational ansatz circuit defined by parameterized layers of quantum evolution. In theory, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-24 Rebekah Herrman , Phillip C. Lotshaw , James Ostrowski , Travis S. Humble , George Siopsis

Combinatorial optimization is regarded as a potentially promising application of near and long-term quantum computers. The best-known heuristic quantum algorithm for combinatorial optimization on gate-based devices, the Quantum Approximate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-22 Sami Boulebnane , Ashley Montanaro

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a promising quantum algorithm that can be used to approximately solve combinatorial optimization problems. The usual QAOA ansatz consists of an alternating application of the cost and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-01 Anthony Wilkie , Igor Gaidai , James Ostrowski , Rebekah Herrman

Solving optimization problems with high performance is the target of existing works of Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA). With this intention, we propose an advanced QAOA based on incremental learning, where the training…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-07 Lingxiao Li , Jing Li , Yanqi Song , Sujuan Qin , Qiaoyan Wen , Fei Gao

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) addresses combinatorial optimization challenges by converting inputs to graphs. However, the optimal parameter searching process of QAOA is greatly affected by noise. Larger problems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-23 Meng Wang , Bo Fang , Ang Li , Prashant Nair

The quantum approximate optimisation algorithm (QAOA) is at the core of many scenarios that aim to combine the power of quantum computers and classical high-performance computing appliances for combinatorial optimisation. Several obstacles…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-26 Simon Thelen , Hila Safi , Wolfgang Mauerer

A promising approach to the practical application of the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is finding QAOA parameters classically in simulation and sampling the solutions from QAOA with optimized parameters on a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-29 Ruslan Shaydulin , Stefan M. Wild

Quantum Approximate Optimization algorithm (QAOA) aims to search for approximate solutions to discrete optimization problems with near-term quantum computers. As there are no algorithmic guarantee possible for QAOA to outperform classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-25 Bingzhi Zhang , Akira Sone , Quntao Zhuang

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a powerful tool in solving various combinatorial problems such as Maximum Satisfiability and Maximum Cut. Hard computational problems, however, require deep circuits that place high…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-28 Malick A. Gaye , Omar Shehab , Paraj Titum , Gregory Quiroz

Variational quantum algorithms offer fascinating prospects for the solution of combinatorial optimization problems using digital quantum computers. However, the achievable performance in such algorithms and the role of quantum correlations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-10 Gopal Chandra Santra , Fred Jendrzejewski , Philipp Hauke , Daniel J. Egger