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Laws and their interpretations, legal arguments and agreements\ are typically expressed in writing, leading to the production of vast corpora of legal text. Their analysis, which is at the center of legal practice, becomes increasingly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Ilias Chalkidis , Abhik Jana , Dirk Hartung , Michael Bommarito , Ion Androutsopoulos , Daniel Martin Katz , Nikolaos Aletras

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently shown remarkable ability to process not only text but also multimodal inputs such as speech and audio. However, most existing models primarily focus on analyzing input signals using text…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-20 Junyi Ao , Dekun Chen , Xiaohai Tian , Wenjie Feng , Jun Zhang , Lu Lu , Yuxuan Wang , Haizhou Li , Zhizheng Wu

We present a preview of the Syntactic Acceptability Dataset, a resource being designed for both syntax and computational linguistics research. In its current form, the dataset comprises 1,000 English sequences from the syntactic discourse:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Tom S Juzek

Large audio-language models (LALMs) have achieved near-human performance in sentence-level transcription and emotion recognition. However, existing evaluations focus mainly on surface-level perception, leaving the capacity of models for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Wanqi Yang , Yanda Li , Yunchao Wei , Meng Fang , Ling Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced recommendation capabilities through enhanced reasoning, but pose significant challenges for real-world deployment due to high inference costs. Conversely, while Small Language Models (SLMs) offer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Prosenjit Biswas , Pervez Shaik , Abhinav Thorat , Ravi Kolla , Niranjan Pedanekar

Machine listening systems often rely on fixed taxonomies to organize and label audio data, key for training and evaluating deep neural networks (DNNs) and other supervised algorithms. However, such taxonomies face significant constraints:…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Paraskevas Stamatiadis , Michel Olvera , Slim Essid

While the NLP community is generally aware of resource disparities among languages, we lack research that quantifies the extent and types of such disparity. Prior surveys estimating the availability of resources based on the number of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Xinyan Velocity Yu , Akari Asai , Trina Chatterjee , Junjie Hu , Eunsol Choi

This paper explores a novel perspective to speech quality assessment by leveraging natural language descriptions, offering richer, more nuanced insights than traditional numerical scoring methods. Natural language feedback provides…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-17 Siyin Wang , Wenyi Yu , Xianzhao Chen , Xiaohai Tian , Jun Zhang , Lu Lu , Yu Tsao , Junichi Yamagishi , Yuxuan Wang , Chao Zhang

Spoken semantic parsing (SSP) involves generating machine-comprehensible parses from input speech. Training robust models for existing application domains represented in training data or extending to new domains requires corresponding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Roshan Sharma , Suyoun Kim , Daniel Lazar , Trang Le , Akshat Shrivastava , Kwanghoon Ahn , Piyush Kansal , Leda Sari , Ozlem Kalinli , Michael Seltzer

Over the past few years, self-supervised learned speech representations have emerged as fruitful replacements for conventional surface representations when solving Spoken Language Understanding (SLU) tasks. Simultaneously, multilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Gaëlle Laperrière , Ha Nguyen , Sahar Ghannay , Bassam Jabaian , Yannick Estève

Spoken Language Models (SLMs) aim to learn linguistic competence directly from speech using discrete units, widening access to Natural Language Processing (NLP) technologies for languages with limited written resources. However, progress…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Adel Moumen , Guangzhi Sun , Philip C. Woodland

Although state-of-the-art Speech Foundational Models can produce high-quality text pseudo-labels, applying Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) for in-the-wild real-world data remains challenging due to its richer and more complex acoustics…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Wen Ding , Fan Qian

Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) as judges have emerged as a prominent approach for evaluating speech generation quality, yet their ability to assess speaker consistency across multi-turn dialogues remains unexplored. We present…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jonggeun Lee , Junseong Pyo , Gyuhyeon Seo , Yohan Jo

Performance of spoken language understanding (SLU) can be degraded with automatic speech recognition (ASR) errors. We propose a novel approach to improve SLU robustness by randomly corrupting clean training text with an ASR error simulator,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Yik-Cheung Tam , Jiacheng Xu , Jiakai Zou , Zecheng Wang , Tinglong Liao , Shuhan Yuan

This work explores a new robust approach for Semantic Parsing of unrestricted texts. Our approach considers Semantic Parsing as a Consistent Labelling Problem (CLP), allowing the integration of several knowledge types (syntactic and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Jordi Atserias , Lluis Padro , German Rigau

State-of-the-art natural language processing (NLP) models are trained on massive training corpora, and report a superlative performance on evaluation datasets. This survey delves into an important attribute of these datasets: the dialect of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Aditya Joshi , Raj Dabre , Diptesh Kanojia , Zhuang Li , Haolan Zhan , Gholamreza Haffari , Doris Dippold

Recent audio language models can follow long conversations. However, research on emotion-aware or spoken dialogue summarization is constrained by the lack of data that links speech, summaries, and paralinguistic cues. We introduce Spoken…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Yen-Ju Lu , Kunxiao Gao , Mingrui Liang , Helin Wang , Thomas Thebaud , Laureano Moro-Velazquez , Najim Dehak , Jesus Villalba

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems are a crucial technology that is used today to design a wide variety of applications, most notably, smart assistants, such as Alexa. ASR systems are essentially dialogue systems that employ Spoken…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Moayad Elamin , Muhammad Omer , Yonas Chanie , Henslaac Ndlovu

This paper addresses spoken language identification (SLI) and speech recognition of multilingual broadcast and institutional speech, real application scenarios that have been rarely addressed in the SLI literature. Observing that in these…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-14 Martina Valente , Fabio Brugnara , Giovanni Morrone , Enrico Zovato , Leonardo Badino

The TSNLP project has investigated various aspects of the construction, maintenance and application of systematic test suites as diagnostic and evaluation tools for NLP applications. The paper summarizes the motivation and main results of…

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