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We derive a second-order ordinary differential equation (ODE) which is the limit of Nesterov's accelerated gradient method. This ODE exhibits approximate equivalence to Nesterov's scheme and thus can serve as a tool for analysis. We show…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-10-29 Weijie Su , Stephen Boyd , Emmanuel J. Candes

Neural ordinary differential equations are an attractive option for modelling temporal dynamics. However, a fundamental issue is that the solution to an ordinary differential equation is determined by its initial condition, and there is no…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-06 Patrick Kidger , James Morrill , James Foster , Terry Lyons

By interpreting the forward dynamics of the latent representation of neural networks as an ordinary differential equation, Neural Ordinary Differential Equation (Neural ODE) emerged as an effective framework for modeling a system dynamics…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Daehoon Gwak , Gyuhyeon Sim , Michael Poli , Stefano Massaroli , Jaegul Choo , Edward Choi

Artificial neural networks, widely recognised for their role in machine learning, are now transforming the study of ordinary differential equations (ODEs), bridging data-driven modelling with classical dynamical systems and enabling the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-15 Dario Izzo , Sebastien Origer , Giacomo Acciarini , Francesco Biscani

The existing Neural ODE formulation relies on an explicit knowledge of the termination time. We extend Neural ODEs to implicitly defined termination criteria modeled by neural event functions, which can be chained together and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Ricky T. Q. Chen , Brandon Amos , Maximilian Nickel

Deep learning has achieved impressive prediction performance in the field of sequence learning recently. Dissolved oxygen prediction, as a kind of time-series forecasting, is suitable for this technique. Although many researchers have…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-11-22 Hongqian Qin

Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) represent a significant advancement at the intersection of machine learning and dynamical systems, offering a continuous-time analog to discrete neural networks. Despite their promise, deploying…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-06-18 Matteo Caldana , Jan S. Hesthaven

Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (NODEs) have proven to be a powerful modeling tool for approximating (interpolation) and forecasting (extrapolation) irregularly sampled time series data. However, their performance degrades…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Hammad A. Ayyubi , Yi Yao , Ajay Divakaran

Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (NODEs) are a novel neural architecture, built around initial value problems with learned dynamics which are solved during inference. Thought to be inherently more robust against adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Mustafa Zeqiri , Mark Niklas Müller , Marc Fischer , Martin Vechev

Deep sequence models have achieved notable success in time-series analysis, such as interpolation and forecasting. Recent advances move beyond discrete-time architectures like Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) toward continuous-time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Haoran Li , Muhao Guo , Yang Weng , Hanghang Tong

A key appeal of the recently proposed Neural Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) framework is that it seems to provide a continuous-time extension of discrete residual neural networks. As we show herein, though, trained Neural ODE models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Katharina Ott , Prateek Katiyar , Philipp Hennig , Michael Tiemann

To understand the fundamental trade-offs between training stability, temporal dynamics and architectural complexity of recurrent neural networks~(RNNs), we directly analyze RNN architectures using numerical methods of ordinary differential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-01 Murphy Yuezhen Niu , Lior Horesh , Isaac Chuang

Prediction based on Irregularly Sampled Time Series (ISTS) is of wide concern in the real-world applications. For more accurate prediction, the methods had better grasp more data characteristics. Different from ordinary time series, ISTS is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Chenxi Sun , Shenda Hong , Moxian Song , Yanxiu Zhou , Yongyue Sun , Derun Cai , Hongyan Li

Deep neural networks (DNNs), especially physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), have recently become a new popular method for solving forward and inverse problems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs). However, these methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Wenbo Cao , Weiwei Zhang

Graph neural Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE) combine neural ODE with the message passing mechanism of Graph Neural Networks (GNN), providing a continuous-time modeling method for graph representation learning. However, in dynamic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Xiaoyi Wang , Zhiqiang Wang , Jianqing Liang , Xingwang Zhao , Chuangyin Dang , Zhen Jin , Jiye Liang

This work introduces Neural Chronos Ordinary Differential Equations (Neural CODE), a deep neural network architecture that fits a continuous-time ODE dynamics for predicting the chronology of a system both forward and backward in time. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-27 C. Coelho , M. Fernanda P. Costa , L. L. Ferrás

Discontinuities and delayed terms are encountered in the governing equations of a large class of problems ranging from physics and engineering to medicine and economics. These systems cannot be properly modelled and simulated with standard…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Thibault Monsel , Onofrio Semeraro , Lionel Mathelin , Guillaume Charpiat

Perception of time from sequentially acquired sensory inputs is rooted in everyday behaviors of individual organisms. Yet, most algorithms for time-series modeling fail to learn dynamics of random event timings directly from visual or audio…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Hengguan Huang , Hongfu Liu , Hao Wang , Chang Xiao , Ye Wang

Irregular sampling intervals and missing values in real-world time series data present challenges for conventional methods that assume consistent intervals and complete data. Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (Neural ODEs) offer an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 YongKyung Oh , Dong-Young Lim , Sungil Kim

Random ordinary differential equations (RODEs), i.e. ODEs with random parameters, are often used to model complex dynamics. Most existing methods to identify unknown governing RODEs from observed data often rely on strong prior knowledge.…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-06-04 Junyu Liu , Zichao Long , Ranran Wang , Jie Sun , Bin Dong