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Ocean wave energy is a source of renewable energy that has gained much attention for its potential to contribute significantly to meeting the global energy demand. In this research, we investigate the problem of maximising the energy…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Mehdi Neshat , Bradley Alexander , Nataliia Sergiienko , Markus Wagner

Wave energy is a broadly accessible renewable energy source, but principally it is not unexploited still and fully developed. Wave energy technologies need more investigations to reach commercial developments. In this paper, an array of…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-07-29 Erfan Amini , Danial Golbaz , Fereidoun Amini

This paper presents an auto-optimization control framework for wave energy converters (WECs) to maximize energy generation under unknown and changing ocean conditions. The proposed control framework consists of two levels. The high-level…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-08 Siyang Tang , Wen-Hua Chen , Cunjia Liu

Wave energy converters (WECs) are a promising candidate for meeting the increasing energy demands of today's society. It is known that the sizing and power take-off (PTO) control of WEC devices have a major impact on their performance. In…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-15 Saeed Azad , Daniel R. Herber

A wave energy converter (WEC) similar to the CETO system developed by Carnegie Clean Energy is considered for design optimisation. This WEC is able to absorb power from heave, surge and pitch motion modes, making the optimisation problem…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-01-27 Nataliia Y. Sergiienko , Mehdi Neshat , Leandro S. P. da Silva , Bradley Alexander , Markus Wagner

The aim of this work is to assess the influence of different degrees of adaptability of the power take-off (PTO) system on the power absorption of dense wave energy converter (WEC) arrays. The adaptability is included in simulations through…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-05-02 Alva Bechlenberg , Yanji Wei , Bayu Jayawardhana , Antonis I. Vakis

A promising direction towards reducing the levelized cost of energy for wave energy converter (WEC) farms is to improve their performance. WEC design studies generally focus on a single design domain (e.g., geometry, control, or layout) to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-27 Saeed Azad , Suraj Khanal , Daniel R. Herber , Gaofeng Jia

The reactive Power Take Off (PTO) force is the key to maximizing mechanical power absorption and electric power generation of Wave Energy Converters (WECs) from ocean waves with variable frequency, but its study is limited due to its…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-15 Jingxin Zhang , Uzair Bin Tahir , Richard Manasseh

Ocean wave energy is one of the latest renewable energy resources, projected to be commercialized and competitive with other energy technologies in the near future. However, wave energy technologies are not fully developed, so various…

Maximizing the durability and reliability of offshore wind farms is essential for the clean energy transition. In this work, we demonstrate how wave energy converter (WEC) farms can shelter offshore wind farms from cyclic wave loading,…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-12-15 Olivia Vitale , Maha Haji

Wave energy technologies have the potential to play a significant role in the supply of renewable energy on a world scale. One of the most promising designs for wave energy converters (WECs) are fully submerged buoys. In this work, we…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Mehdi Neshat , Bradley Alexander , Markus Wagner

This paper proposes a novel real-time algorithm for controlling wave energy converters (WECs). We begin with the economic model predictive control (MPC) problem formulation and apply a novel, first-order optimization algorithm inspired by…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-09 Simone Pirrera , Nicolas Faedo , Sophie M. Fosson , Diego Regruto

This study presents a proof-of-concept experimental investigation of a multi-buoy cooperative point-absorber wave energy converter (WEC). The proposed concept consists of an array of surface-penetrating buoys connected through a shared…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-03-18 Herman Martens Meyer , Leif Arne Tønnessen , Olav Gundersen , Atle Jensen

We implement a causal model predictive control (MPC) strategy to maximize power generation from a wave energy converter (WEC) system, for which the power take-off (PTO) systems have both hard stroke (i.e., displacement) limits and force…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-09 Connor H. Ligeikis , Jeffrey T. Scruggs

Wind energy plays an increasing role in the supply of energy world-wide. The energy output of a wind farm is highly dependent on the weather condition present at the wind farm. If the output can be predicted more accurately, energy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-09-12 Katya Vladislavleva , Tobias Friedrich , Frank Neumann , Markus Wagner

A generic formulation for the optimal control of a single wave-energy converter (WEC) is proposed. The formulation involves hard and soft constraints on the motion of the WEC to promote reduced damage and fatigue to the device during…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-12-16 Mertcan Yetkin , Sudharsan Kalidoss , Frank E. Curtis , Lawrence V. Snyder , Arindam Banerjee

This paper aims to investigate electric dynamics and improve electric power generation of an isolated wave energy converter that uses a linear permanent magnet generator as the power take-off system, excited by regular or irregular waves.…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-09-29 LiGuo Wang , MaoFeng Lin , Elisabetta Tedeschi , Jens Engström , Jan Isberg

Integration of renewable power sources into grids remains an active research and development area, particularly for less developed renewable energy technologies such as wave energy converters (WECs). WECs are projected to have strong early…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2022-10-03 Mohammad Khalil , Carlos Michelén Ströfer , Kaustubha Raghukumar , Ann Dallman

Wave energy is a fast-developing and promising renewable energy resource. The primary goal of this research is to maximise the total harnessed power of a large wave farm consisting of fully-submerged three-tether wave energy converters…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Mehdi Neshat , Bradley Alexander , Nataliia Y. Sergiienko , Markus Wagner

Achieving carbon neutrality, a key focus of UN SDG #13, drives the exploration of wave energy, a renewable resource with the potential to generate 30,000 TWh of clean electricity annually, surpassing global demand. However, wave energy…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Amin Abdollahi Dehkordi , Mehdi Neshat , Nataliia Y. Sergiienko , Zahra Ghasemi , Lei Chen , John Boland , Hamid Moradkhani , Amir H. Gandomi
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