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Within the framework of functional data analysis, we develop principal component analysis for periodically correlated time series of functions. We define the components of the above analysis including periodic, operator-valued filters,…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-12-02 Łukasz Kidziński , Piotr Kokoszka , Neda Mohammadi Jouzdani

Traditional principal component analysis (PCA) is well known in high-dimensional data analysis, but it requires to express data by a matrix with observations to be continuous. To overcome the limitations, a new method called flexible PCA…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-17 Tonglin Zhang , Baijian Yang , Qianqian Song , Jing Su

Understanding and predicting the electric consumption patterns in the short-, mid- and long-term, at the distribution and transmission level, is a fundamental asset for smart grids infrastructure planning, dynamic network reconfiguration,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-27 Davide Beretta , Samuele Grillo , Davide Pigoli , Enea Bionda , Claudio Bossi , Carlo Tornelli

Functional principal component analysis has been shown to be invaluable for revealing variation modes of longitudinal outcomes, which serves as important building blocks for forecasting and model building. Decades of research have advanced…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-10-07 Peijun Sang , Dehan Kong , Shu Yang

Analyzing longitudinal data in health studies is challenging due to sparse and error-prone measurements, strong within-individual correlation, missing data and various trajectory shapes. While mixed-effect models (MM) effectively address…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-11 Corentin Ségalas , Catherine Helmer , Robin Genuer , Cécile Proust-Lima

Multilinear Principal Component Analysis (MPCA) is a widely utilized method for the dimension reduction of tensor data. However, the integration of MPCA into federated learning remains unexplored in existing research. To tackle this gap,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Chengyu Zhou , Yuqi Su , Tangbin Xia , Xiaolei Fang

We extend the principal component analysis (PCA) to second-order stationary vector time series in the sense that we seek for a contemporaneous linear transformation for a $p$-variate time series such that the transformed series is segmented…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-12-21 Jinyuan Chang , Bin Guo , Qiwei Yao

Functional principal component analysis (FPCA) could become invalid when data involve non-Gaussian features. Therefore, we aim to develop a general FPCA method to adapt to such non-Gaussian cases. A Kenall's $\tau$ function, which possesses…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-18 Rou Zhong , Shishi Liu , Haocheng Li , Jingxiao Zhang

We propose localized functional principal component analysis (LFPCA), looking for orthogonal basis functions with localized support regions that explain most of the variability of a random process. The LFPCA is formulated as a convex…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-01-21 Kehui Chen , Jing Lei

Motivated by risk assessment of coastal flooding, we consider time-consuming simulators with a spatial output. The aim is to perform sensitivity analysis (SA), quantifying the influence of input parameters on the output. There are three…

When functional data manifest amplitude and phase variations, a commonly-employed framework for analyzing them is to take away the phase variation through a function alignment and then to apply standard tools to the aligned functions. A…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-05-30 Sungwon Lee , Sungkyu Jung

Functional principal component analysis (FPCA) is a fundamental tool and has attracted increasing attention in recent decades, while existing methods are restricted to data with a single or finite number of random functions (much smaller…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-01-22 Xiaoyu Hu , Fang Yao

Principal component analysis (PCA) is often used for analyzing data in the most diverse areas. In this work, we report an integrated approach to several theoretical and practical aspects of PCA. We start by providing, in an intuitive and…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Felipe L. Gewers , Gustavo R. Ferreira , Henrique F. de Arruda , Filipi N. Silva , Cesar H. Comin , Diego R. Amancio , Luciano da F. Costa

Functional data typically contains amplitude and phase variation. In many data situations, phase variation is treated as a nuisance effect and is removed during preprocessing, although it may contain valuable information. In this note, we…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-01-01 Clara Happ , Fabian Scheipl , Alice-Agnes Gabriel , Sonja Greven

Intermittency analysis of factorial moments is a promising method used for the detection of power-law scaling in high-energy collision data. In particular, it has been employed in the search of fluctuations characteristic of the critical…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2025-07-03 Nikolaos Davis

Functional principal component analysis (FPCA) based on the Karhunen--Lo\`{e}ve decomposition has been successfully applied in many applications, mainly for one sample problems. In this paper we consider common functional principal…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-01-28 Michal Benko , Wolfgang Härdle , Alois Kneip

Functional Principal Components Analysis (FPCA) provides a parsimonious, semi-parametric model for multivariate, sparsely-observed functional data. Frequentist FPCA approaches estimate principal components (PCs) from the data, then…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-11 Joseph Sartini , Scott Zeger , Ciprian Crainiceanu

A powerful study design in the fields of genomics and metabolomics is the 'replicated time course experiment' where individual time series are observed for a sample of biological units, such as human patients, termed replicates. Standard…

Methodology · Statistics 2011-12-02 Maurice Berk , Giovanni Montana

Functional data analysis is an important research field in statistics which treats data as random functions drawn from some infinite-dimensional functional space, and functional principal component analysis (FPCA) based on…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-04-03 Hang Zhou , Dongyi Wei , Fang Yao

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a widespread technique for data analysis that relies on the covariance-correlation matrix of the analyzed data. However to properly work with high-dimensional data, PCA poses severe mathematical…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2018-10-18 Luigi Leonardo Palese