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When presented with a binary classification problem where the data exhibits severe class imbalance, most standard predictive methods may fail to accurately model the minority class. We present a model based on Generative Adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Jonathan Gradstein , Moshe Salhov , Yoav Tulpan , Ofir Lindenbaum , Amir Averbuch

The foremost challenge to causal inference with real-world data is to handle the imbalance in the covariates with respect to different treatment options, caused by treatment selection bias. To address this issue, recent literature has…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-23 Zhixuan Chu , Stephen Rathbun , Sheng Li

Class imbalance is a common problem in supervised learning and impedes the predictive performance of classification models. Popular countermeasures include oversampling the minority class. Standard methods like SMOTE rely on finding nearest…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-24 Justin Engelmann , Stefan Lessmann

The aim of Active Learning is to select the most informative samples from an unlabelled set of data. This is useful in cases where the amount of data is large and labelling is expensive, such as in machine vision or medical imaging. Two…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Julien Combes , Alexandre Derville , Jean-François Coeurjolly

Continual learning from a sequential stream of data is a crucial challenge for machine learning research. Most studies have been conducted on this topic under the single-label classification setting along with an assumption of balanced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-09 Chris Dongjoo Kim , Jinseo Jeong , Gunhee Kim

Class imbalance problems frequently occur in real-world tasks, and conventional deep learning algorithms are well known for performance degradation on imbalanced training datasets. To mitigate this problem, many approaches have aimed to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Sumyeong Ahn , Jongwoo Ko , Se-Young Yun

Despite the large volume of face recognition datasets, there is a significant portion of subjects, of which the samples are insufficient and thus under-represented. Ignoring such significant portion results in insufficient training data.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Xi Yin , Xiang Yu , Kihyuk Sohn , Xiaoming Liu , Manmohan Chandraker

For many computer vision applications, such as image description and human identification, recognizing the visual attributes of humans is an essential yet challenging problem. Its challenges originate from its multi-label nature, the large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-27 Nikolaos Sarafianos , Xiang Xu , Ioannis A. Kakadiaris

Class-level evaluation can conceal substantial performance disparities across subconcepts within the same class, causing models that perform well on average to fail on specific subpopulations. Prior work has shown that common evaluation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Taylor Maxson , Roberto Corizzo , Yaning Wu , Nathalie Japkowicz , Colin Bellinger

Class-imbalanced data, in which some classes contain far more samples than others, is ubiquitous in real-world applications. Standard techniques for handling class-imbalance usually work by training on a re-weighted loss or on re-balanced…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Arpit Bansal , Micah Goldblum , Valeriia Cherepanova , Avi Schwarzschild , C. Bayan Bruss , Tom Goldstein

Learning discriminative image representations plays a vital role in long-tailed image classification because it can ease the classifier learning in imbalanced cases. Given the promising performance contrastive learning has shown recently in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-29 Peng Wang , Kai Han , Xiu-Shen Wei , Lei Zhang , Lei Wang

In many application domains such as medicine, information retrieval, cybersecurity, social media, etc., datasets used for inducing classification models often have an unequal distribution of the instances of each class. This situation,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-21 Mohamed S. Kraiem , Fernando Sánchez-Hernández , María N. Moreno-García

Text classification is the task of automatically assigning text documents correct labels from a predefined set of categories. In real-life (text) classification tasks, observations and misclassification costs are often unevenly distributed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Aleksi Avela , Pauliina Ilmonen

Although deep neural networks achieve tremendous success on various classification tasks, the generalization ability drops sheer when training datasets exhibit long-tailed distributions. One of the reasons is that the learned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-27 Xuantong Liu , Jianfeng Zhang , Tianyang Hu , He Cao , Lujia Pan , Yuan Yao

The era of big data has witnessed an increasing availability of observational data from mobile and social networking, online advertising, web mining, healthcare, education, public policy, marketing campaigns, and so on, which facilitates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Zhixuan Chu , Ruopeng Li , Stephen Rathbun , Sheng Li

The long-tail distribution of the visual world poses great challenges for deep learning based classification models on how to handle the class imbalance problem. Existing solutions usually involve class-balancing strategies, e.g., by loss…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-20 Bingyi Kang , Saining Xie , Marcus Rohrbach , Zhicheng Yan , Albert Gordo , Jiashi Feng , Yannis Kalantidis

Object frequency in the real world often follows a power law, leading to a mismatch between datasets with long-tailed class distributions seen by a machine learning model and our expectation of the model to perform well on all classes. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-25 Muhammad Abdullah Jamal , Matthew Brown , Ming-Hsuan Yang , Liqiang Wang , Boqing Gong

Improving the classification of multi-class imbalanced data is more difficult than its two-class counterpart. In this paper, we use deep neural networks to train new representations of tabular multi-class data. Unlike the typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Damian Horna , Lango Mateusz , Jerzy Stefanowski

We propose a new framework for binary classification in transfer learning settings where both covariate and label distributions may shift between source and target domains. Unlike traditional covariate shift or label shift assumptions, we…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-29 Manli Cheng , Subha Maity , Qinglong Tian , Pengfei Li

In predictive tasks, real-world datasets often present different degrees of imbalanced (i.e., long-tailed or skewed) distributions. While the majority (the head) classes have sufficient samples, the minority (the tail) classes can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Chongsheng Zhang , Paolo Soda , Jingjun Bi , Gaojuan Fan , George Almpanidis , Salvador Garcia