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The 21-cm power spectrum of reionization is a promising probe for cosmology and fundamental physics. Exploiting this new observable, however, requires fast predictors capable of efficiently scanning the very large parameter space of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-15 Aurel Schneider , Timothée Schaeffer , Sambit K. Giri

The 21-cm forest, composed of spectral absorption features from high-redshift background radio sources, provides a unique probe for studying small-scale structures during the epoch of reionization. It is particularly sensitive to detecting…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-11 Yue Shao , Tian-Yang Sun , Meng-Lin Zhao , Xin Zhang

The global 21-cm signal from the cosmic dawn is affected by a variety of heating and cooling processes. We investigate the impact of heating due to Lyman-$\alpha$ (Ly~$\alpha$) photons on the global 21-cm signal at cosmic dawn using an…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-04-19 Shikhar Mittal , Girish Kulkarni

The high-redshift 21-cm signal of neutral hydrogen is expected to be observed within the next decade and will reveal epochs of cosmic evolution that have been previously inaccessible. Due to the lack of observations, many of the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-16 Aviad Cohen , Anastasia Fialkov , Rennan Barkana

We present an analytic formalism to compute the fluctuating component of the \ion{H}{1} signal and extend it to take into account the effects of partial Lyman-$\alpha$ coupling during the era of cosmic dawn. We use excursion set formalism…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-05-15 Janakee Raste , Shiv Sethi

Allowing for enhanced Ly$\alpha$ photon line emission from Population III dominated stellar systems in the first forming galaxies, we show the 21-cm cosmic dawn signal at $10<z<30$ may substantially differ from standard scenarios. Energy…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-01-06 Avery Meiksin , Piero Madau

At cosmic dawn, the 21-centimeter signal from intergalactic hydrogen was driven by Lyman-$\alpha$ photons from some of the earliest stars, producing a spatial pattern that reflected the distribution of galaxies at that time. Due to the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-28 Itamar Reis , Rennan Barkana , Anastasia Fialkov

We explore the complete history of the 21-cm signal in the redshift range z = 7-40. This redshift range includes various epochs of cosmic evolution related to primordial star formation, and should be accessible to existing or planned…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-22 Anastasia Fialkov , Rennan Barkana

We present a halo-model-based approach to calculate the cross-correlation between $\rm{21\,cm}$ HI intensity fluctuations and $\rm{Ly}\alpha$ emitters (LAE) during the epoch of reionization (EoR). Ionizing radiation around dark matter halos…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-09-06 Chang Feng , Asantha Cooray , Brian Keating

The measurement of the $21$ cm signal from the Cosmic Dawn is a major goal for several existing and upcoming radio interferometers such as NenuFAR and the SKA. During this era before the beginning of the Epoch of Reionization, the signal is…

We introduce a Python package called ECHO21 for modelling the global 21-cm signal from the dark ages through cosmic dawn to the end of reionization. Leveraging its analytical framework, ECHO21 generates a single model in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-09 Shikhar Mittal , Girish Kulkarni , Peter Sims

The redshifted 21cm line signal from neutral hydrogens is a promising tool to probe the cosmic dawn and the epoch of reionization (EoR). Ongoing and future low-frequency radio experiments are expected to detect its fluctuations, especially…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Hayato Shimabukuro , Shintaro Yoshiura , Keitaro Takahashi , Shuichiro Yokoyama , Kiyotomo Ichiki

Lyman-$\alpha$ photons enable the cosmic dawn 21-cm signal through a process called the Wouthuysen-Field effect. An accurate model of the signal in this epoch hinges on the accuracy of the computation of the Ly$\alpha$ coupling, which…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-18 Shikhar Mittal , Girish Kulkarni , Thibault Garel

The redshifted 21-cm background is expected to be a powerful probe of the early Universe, carrying both cosmological and astrophysical information from a wide range of redshifts. In particular, the power spectrum of fluctuations in the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-23 Anastasia Fialkov , Rennan Barkana , Aviad Cohen

The 21 cm brightness temperature $\delta T_{\rm b}$ fluctuations from reionization promise to provide information on the physical processes during that epoch. We present a formalism for generating the $\delta T_{\rm b}$ distribution using…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-02-19 Raghunath Ghara , T. Roy Choudhury , Kanan K. Datta

We measure several properties of the reionization process and the corresponding low-frequency 21-cm signal associated with the neutral hydrogen distribution, using a large volume, high resolution simulation of cosmic reionization. The…

A crucial physical quantity in determining the 21-cm signal during cosmic dawn is the inhomogeneous background of Ly$\alpha$ photons originating from the first galaxies. As these photons travel through the intergalactic medium, their…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-22 Jordan Flitter , Julian B. Muñoz , Andrei Mesinger

We present here 21 cm predictions from high dynamic range simulations for a range of reionization histories that have been tested against available Lyman-alpha and CMB data. We assess the observability of the predicted spatial 21 cm…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-09-13 Girish Kulkarni , Tirthankar Roy Choudhury , Ewald Puchwein , Martin G. Haehnelt

We use a new method to model fluctuations of the Lyman-Werner (LW) and Lyman-alpha radiation backgrounds at high redshift. At these early epochs the backgrounds are symptoms of a universe newly lit with its first stars. LW photons…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 Lauren N. Holzbauer , Steven R. Furlanetto

Details of various unknown physical processes during the cosmic dawn and the epoch of reionization can be extracted from observations of the redshifted 21-cm signal. These observations, however, will be affected by the evolution of the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-08-14 Raghunath Ghara , Kanan K. Datta , T. Roy Choudhury
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