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In this work, we systematically study gravitational wave (GW) production during both the inflationary and post-inflationary epochs. While inflationary GWs can be readily derived from tensor perturbations during inflation, post-inflationary…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-09-23 Xun-Jie Xu , Yong Xu , Qiqin Yin , Junyu Zhu

We identify a characteristic pattern in the scalar-induced stochastic gravitational wave background from particle production during inflation. If particle production is sufficiently efficient, the scalar power spectrum exhibits…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-24 Jacopo Fumagalli , Sébastien Renaux-Petel , Lukas T. Witkowski

After inflation, a period of preheating may have produced a stochastic background of high frequency gravitational waves (GWs) that would persist until today. The nature of the inflaton's coupling to Standard Model or other fields is…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-08-19 Jeffrey M. Hyde

We discuss the production of primordial gravitational waves (GW) from radiative inflaton decay during the period of reheating, assuming perturbative decay of the inflaton either into a pair of bosons or fermions, leading to successful…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-09-26 Basabendu Barman , Nicolás Bernal , Yong Xu , Óscar Zapata

In this work, we investigate the post-inflationary dynamics of a simple single-field model with a renormalizable inflaton potential featuring a near-inflection point at a field value $\phi_0$. Due to the concave shape of the scalar…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-24 Manuel Drees , Chenhuan Wang

Preheating after inflation involves large, time-dependent field inhomogeneities, which act as a classical source of gravitational radiation. The resulting spectrum might be probed by direct detection experiments if inflation occurs at a low…

After the inflationary phase, the universe enters the preheating phase, during which the inflaton field rolls down its potential and oscillates. When the potential significantly deviates from a parabolic shape at its minimum, these…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-21 Daniel del-Corral , Paolo Gondolo , K. Sravan Kumar , João Marto

We investigate how the production of gravitational waves (GWs) is affected by the GW velocity $(c_T)$ during preheating after inflation. For instance, we simulate the production of GWs after $\lambda\phi^4$ chaotic inflation, and find that…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-02-16 Ke Wang , Qing-Guo Huang

The original axion natural inflation model predicts a tensor-to-scalar ratio exceeding experimental limits. Conversely, in aligned axion inflation, inflation can proceed along trajectories emerging from near a saddle point of the two-field…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-21 Federico Greco

Oscillations in the frequency profile of the scalar-induced contribution to the stochastic gravitational wave background are a characteristic signal for small-scale features during inflation. We investigate how this oscillatory frequency…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-05-25 Lukas T. Witkowski , Guillem Domènech , Jacopo Fumagalli , Sébastien Renaux-Petel

The production of a stochastic background of gravitational waves is a fundamental prediction of any cosmological inflationary model. The features of such a signal encode unique information about the physics of the Early Universe and beyond,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-09-05 Maria Chiara Guzzetti , Nicola Bartolo , Michele Liguori , Sabino Matarrese

We present a mechanism for gravitational wave (GW) production from isocurvature perturbations in spectator scalar fields during inflation. These energetically subdominant fields develop blue-tilted power spectra through inflationary…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-12-05 Marcos A. G. Garcia , Sarunas Verner

We study the evolution of Gravitational Waves (GWs) during and after inflation as well as the resulting observational consequences in a Lorentz-violating massive gravity theory with one scalar (inflaton) and two tensor degrees of freedom.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-01-23 Sachiko Kuroyanagi , Chunshan Lin , Misao Sasaki , Shinji Tsujikawa

The expansion history of the Universe prior to Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) remains largely unconstrained. The high-energy post-inflationary era may involve multiple distinct epochs, each characterized by a different equation of state…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-21 Swagat S. Mishra , Athul K. Soman

Parametric resonance in a single-field inflationary model with a periodic structure on the potential gives rise to curvature perturbations with large amplitudes on small scales, which could result in observable primordial black holes (PBHs)…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-01-02 Zhi-Zhang Peng , Chengjie Fu , Jing Liu , Zong-Kuan Guo , Rong-Gen Cai

Parametric resonance is among the most efficient phenomena generating gravitational waves (GWs) in the early Universe. The dynamics of parametric resonance, and hence of the GWs, depend exclusively on the resonance parameter $q$. The latter…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-11-17 Daniel G. Figueroa , Francisco Torrenti

One of the key predictions of the standard inflationary paradigm is the quantum mechanical generation of the transverse and traceless tensor fluctuations due to the rapid accelerated expansion of space, which later constitute a stochastic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-23 Athul K. Soman , Swagat S. Mishra , Mohammed Shafi , Soumen Basak

The combined Planck, BICEP/Keck Array and BAO measurements of the scalar spectral index and the tensor-to-scalar ratio from the cosmic microwave background observations severely constrain or completely rule out several models of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-13 Diganta Das , Shreyas Revankar

The most conventional mechanism for gravitational waves (gw) production during inflation is the amplification of vacuum metric fluctuations. In this case the gw production can be uniquely related to the inflationary expansion rate $H$. For…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-23 Matteo Biagetti , Emanuela Dimastrogiovanni , Matteo Fasiello , Marco Peloso

The detection of primordial gravitational waves would offer a direct evidence of inflation and valuable insights into the dynamics of the early universe. During post-inflation reheating period, when the inflaton coherently oscillates at the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-03-06 Diganta Das , Mihika Sanghi , Sourav