Related papers: A solution to two old problems by Menger concernin…
The concept of angle, angle functions, and the question how to measure angles present old and well-established mathematical topics referring to Euclidean space, and there exist also various extensions to non-Euclidean spaces of different…
G\"ahler ([3],[4]) introduced the concept of 2-metric as a possible generalization of usual notion of a metric space. In many cases the results obtained in the usual metric spaces and 2-metric spaces are found to be unrelated (see [5]).…
G\"ahler ([4],[5]) introduced and investigated the notion of 2-metric spaces and 2-normed spaces in sixties. These concepts are inspired by the notion of area in two dimensional Euclidean space. In this paper, we choose a fundamentally…
We suggest a concept of generalized `angles' in arbitrary real normed vector spaces. We give for each real number a definition of an `angle' by means of the shape of the unit ball. They all yield the well known Euclidean angle in the…
We consider the angle in mathematics and arrive at a conclusion that there are two concepts on the issue. One is a descriptive geometrical one, while the other is from functional analysis. They are somewhat different, allow for different…
We introduce the notion of scale to generalize and compare different invariants of metric spaces and their measures. Several versions of scales are introduced such as Hausdorff, packing, box, local and quantization. They moreover are…
It is a survey of the main results on abstract characterizations of algebras of $n$-place functions obtained in the last 40 years. A special attention is paid to those algebras of $n$-place functions which are strongly connected with groups…
We try to create a wise definition of 'angle spaces'. Based on an idea of Ivan Singer, we introduce a new concept of an angle in real Banach spaces, which generalizes the euclidean angle in Hilbert spaces. With this angle it is shown that…
The goal of the paper is to study the angle between two curves in the framework of metric (and metric measure) spaces. More precisely, we give a new notion of angle between two curves in a metric space. Such a notion has a natural interplay…
Some concepts, such as non-compactness measure and condensing operators, defined on metric spaces are extended to uniform spaces. Such extensions allow us to locate, in the context of uniform spaces, some classical results existing in…
We consider a generalized angle in complex normed vector spaces. Its definition corresponds to the definition of the well known Euclidean angle in real inner product spaces. Not surprisingly it yields complex values as `angles'. This…
This paper introduces a novel generalization of the classical concept of $S$-metric spaces, referred to as composed $S$-metric spaces. By incorporating a composed function, we impose more general conditions on the triangle inequality,…
The parameterisation of rotations in three dimensional Euclidean space is an area of applied mathematics that has long been studied, dating back to the original works of Euler in the 18th century. As such, many ways of parameterising a…
Associated to any affine space A endowed with a metric structure of arbitrary signature we consider the space of affine functionals operating on the space of quadratic functions of A. On this functional space we characterize a symmetric…
Quantum theory and functional analysis were created and put into essentially their final form during similar periods ending around 1930. Each was also a key outcome of the major revolutions that both physics and mathematics as a whole…
The notion of the angle between two subspaces has a long history, dating back to Friedrichs's work in 1937 and Dixmier's work on the minimal angle in 1949. In 2006, Deutsch and Hundal studied extensions to convex sets in order to analyze…
S-metric and b-metric spaces are metrizable, but it is still quite impossible to get an explicit form of the concerned metric function. To overcome this, the notion of $\phi$-metric is developed by making a suitable modification in triangle…
We examine implications of angles having their own dimension, in the same sense as do lengths, masses, {\it etc.} The conventional practice in scientific applications involving trigonometric or exponential functions of angles is to assume…
In this paper we consider the idea of I - convergence of nets of partial function from a metric space (X; d) to a metric space (Y; ?) and derive several basic characterization. This idea extends the concept of convergence of nets of partial…
We provide some historical context to the study of solid angles carried out by Euler in his memoir \emph{De mensura angulorum solidorum} (On the measure of solid angles). We extend our study to the general notion of angle (not only solid).…