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Information Security has become an important issue in modern world as the popularity and infiltration of internet commerce and communication technologies has emerged, making them a prospective medium to the security threats. To surmount…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-05-05 Mansoor Ebrahim , Shujaat Khan , Umer Bin Khalid

With the rapid development of quantum computers the currently secure cryptographic protocols may not stay that way. Quantum mechanics provides means to create an inherently secure communication channel that is protected by the laws of…

Popular Physics · Physics 2022-12-01 Andrew Frigyik

We present a system to measure the distance between two parties that allows only trusted people to access the result. The security of the protocol is guaranteed by the complementarity principle in quantum mechanics. The protocol can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Vittorio Giovannetti , Seth Lloyd , Lorenzo Maccone

Cryptocurrency refers to a type of digital asset that uses distributed ledger, or blockchain, technology to enable a secure transaction. Although the technology is widely misunderstood, many central banks are considering launching their own…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2020-07-30 Wolfgang Karl Härdle , Campbell R. Harvey , Raphael C. G. Reule

Blockchain is a novel technology that is rising a lot of interest in the industrial and re- search sectors because its properties of decentralisation, immutability and data integrity. Initially, the underlying consensus mechanism has been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-05-10 Stefano De Angelis

The signcryption is a relatively new cryptographic technique that is supposed to fulfill the functionalities of encryption and digital signature in a single logical step. Although several signcryption schemes are proposed over the years,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-03-21 M. Toorani , A. A. Beheshti

The problem we address is the following: how can a user employ a predictive model that is held by a third party, without compromising private information. For example, a hospital may wish to use a cloud service to predict the readmission…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-12-25 Pengtao Xie , Misha Bilenko , Tom Finley , Ran Gilad-Bachrach , Kristin Lauter , Michael Naehrig

Distributed certification, whether it be proof-labeling schemes, locally checkable proofs, etc., deals with the issue of certifying the legality of a distributed system with respect to a given boolean predicate. A certificate is assigned to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Pierre Fraigniaud , Pedro Montealegre , Ivan Rapaport , Ioan Todinca

Organizations use privacy policies to communicate their data collection practices to their clients. A privacy policy is a set of statements that specifies how an organization gathers, uses, discloses, and maintains a client's data. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Maryam Majedi , Ken Barker

This paper introduces a formal definition of a Cyber-Physical System (CPS) in the spirit of the CPS Framework proposed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). It shows that using this definition, various problems…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Thanh Hai Nguyen , Matthew Bundas , Tran Cao Son , Marcello Balduccini , Kathleen Campbell Garwood , Edward R. Griffor

We study decentralized cryptocurrency protocols in which the participants do not deplete physical scarce resources. Such protocols commonly rely on Proof of Stake, i.e., on mechanisms that extend voting power to the stakeholders of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-01-12 Iddo Bentov , Ariel Gabizon , Alex Mizrahi

Traditionally, "Cryptography" is a benediction to information processing and communications, it helps people to store information securely and the private communications over long distances. Cryptovirology is the study of applications of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2011-08-12 Saurabh Anandrao Shivale

Several sources of uncertainty have to be taken into account in the analysis and design of CPS. The set of parameters used in the model of the physical plant of a CPS may be uncertain due, for example, to manufacturing processes that are…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-02 Alessandro Pinto

Choreographic programming is a paradigm for developing concurrent and distributed systems, where programs are choreographies that define, from a global viewpoint, the computations and interactions that communicating processes should enact.…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Luís Cruz-Filipe , Fabrizio Montesi , Marco Peressotti

When one observes a sequence of variables $(x_1, y_1), \ldots, (x_n, y_n)$, Conformal Prediction (CP) is a methodology that allows to estimate a confidence set for $y_{n+1}$ given $x_{n+1}$ by merely assuming that the distribution of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-12-08 Eugene Ndiaye

A CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart) is an automatic security mechanism used to determine whether the user is a human or a malicious computer program. It is a program that generates and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2013-12-31 Mohammad Jabed Morshed Chowdhury , Narayan Ranjan Chakraborty

Conformal prediction (CP) is a framework to quantify uncertainty of machine learning classifiers including deep neural networks. Given a testing example and a trained classifier, CP produces a prediction set of candidate labels with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Subhankar Ghosh , Yuanjie Shi , Taha Belkhouja , Yan Yan , Jana Doppa , Brian Jones

Graph state verification protocols allow multiple parties to share a graph state while checking that the state is honestly prepared, even in the presence of malicious parties. Since graph states are the starting point of numerous quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-05 Léo Colisson , Damian Markham , Raja Yehia

A paper presented at the ICICS 2019 conference describes what is claimed to be a `provably secure group authentication [protocol] in the asynchronous communication model'. We show here that this is far from being the case, as the protocol…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Chris J Mitchell

In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based computing verification protocol, called EntrapNet, for distributed shared computing networks, an emerging underlying network for many internet of things (IoT) applications. EntrapNet borrows the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Chong Li , Lei Zhang , Serbiao Fang