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Hardware Trojans (HTs) are undesired design or manufacturing modifications that can severely alter the security and functionality of digital integrated circuits. HTs can be inserted according to various design criteria, e.g., nets switching…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Amin Sarihi , Peter Jamieson , Ahmad Patooghy , Abdel-Hameed A. Badawy

Software-exploitable Hardware Trojans (HTs) enable attackers to execute unauthorized software or gain illicit access to privileged operations. This manuscript introduces a hardware-based methodology for detecting runtime HT activations…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Alessandro Palumbo , Ruben Salvador

This paper reports a novel approach that uses transistor aging in an integrated circuit (IC) to detect hardware Trojans. When a transistor is aged, it results in delays along several paths of the IC. This increase in delay results in timing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Virinchi Roy Surabhi , Prashanth Krishnamurthy , Hussam Amrouch , Kanad Basu , Jörg Henkel , Ramesh Karri , Farshad Khorrami

Stealthy hardware Trojans (HTs) inserted during the fabrication of integrated circuits can bypass the security of critical infrastructures. Although researchers have proposed many techniques to detect HTs, several limitations exist,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Vasudev Gohil , Hao Guo , Satwik Patnaik , Jeyavijayan , Rajendran

Hardware Trojans (HTs) have become a serious problem, and extermination of them is strongly required for enhancing the security and safety of integrated circuits. An effective solution is to identify HTs at the gate level via machine…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-30 Kento Hasegawa , Seira Hidano , Kohei Nozawa , Shinsaku Kiyomoto , Nozomu Togawa

The globalization of the Integrated Circuit (IC) supply chain, driven by time-to-market and cost considerations, has made ICs vulnerable to hardware Trojans (HTs). Against this threat, a promising approach is to use Machine Learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Behnam Omidi , Khaled N. Khasawneh , Ihsen Alouani

The threat of hardware Trojans (HTs) and their detection is a widely studied field. While the effort for inserting a Trojan into an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) can be considered relatively high, especially when trusting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Thilo Krachenfels , Jean-Pierre Seifert , Shahin Tajik

Offshoring the proprietary Intellectual property (IP) has recently increased the threat of malicious logic insertion in the form of Hardware Trojan (HT). A potential and stealthy HT is triggered with nets that switch rarely during regular…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-31 Sheikh Ariful Islam , Love Kumar Sah , Srinivas Katkoori

Current Hardware Trojan (HT) detection techniques are mostly developed based on a limited set of HT benchmarks. Existing HT benchmark circuits are generated with multiple shortcomings, i.e., i) they are heavily biased by the designers'…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Amin Sarihi , Ahmad Patooghy , Peter Jamieson , Abdel-Hameed A. Badawy

The risk of hardware Trojans being inserted at various stages of chip production has increased in a zero-trust fabless era. To counter this, various machine learning solutions have been developed for the detection of hardware Trojans. While…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Rahul Vishwakarma , Amin Rezaei

There are increasing concerns about possible malicious modifications of integrated circuits (ICs) used in critical applications. Such attacks are often referred to as hardware Trojans. While many techniques focus on hardware Trojan…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2016-11-18 Tony F. Wu , Karthik Ganesan , Yunqing Alexander Hu , H. -S. Philip Wong , Simon Wong , Subhasish Mitra

Industrial Systems-on-Chips (SoCs) often comprise hundreds of thousands to millions of nets and millions to tens of millions of connectivity edges, making empirical evaluation of hardware-Trojan (HT) detectors on realistic designs both…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Yaroslav Popryho , Debjit Pal , Inna Partin-Vaisband

The recent surge in hardware security is significant due to offshoring the proprietary Intellectual property (IP). One distinct dimension of the disruptive threat is malicious logic insertion, also known as Hardware Trojan (HT). HT subverts…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Sheikh Ariful Islam , Farha Islam Mime , S M Asaduzzaman , Farzana Islam

Timely detection of Hardware Trojans (HTs) has become a major challenge for secure integrated circuits. We present a run-time methodology for HT detection that employs a multi-parameter statistical traffic modeling of the communication…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Faiq Khalid , Syed Rafay Hasan , Osman Hasan , Muhammad Shafique

The globalized semiconductor supply chain has made Hardware Trojans (HT) a significant security threat to embedded systems, necessitating the design of efficient and adaptable detection mechanisms. Despite promising machine learning-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Zhixin Pan , Ziyu Shu , Linh Nguyen , Amberbir Alemayoh

System-on-chip (SoC) developers increasingly rely on pre-verified hardware intellectual property (IP) blocks acquired from untrusted third-party vendors. These IPs might contain hidden malicious functionalities or hardware Trojans to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Pravin Gaikwad , Jonathan Cruz , Prabuddha Chakraborty , Swarup Bhunia , Tamzidul Hoque

With the globalization of the semiconductor manufacturing process, electronic devices are powerless against malicious modification of hardware in the supply chain. The ever-increasing threat of hardware Trojan attacks against integrated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-03-13 Kyle Worley , Md Tauhidur Rahman

Hardware Trojans (HTs) have drawn more and more attention in both academia and industry because of its significant potential threat. In this paper, we proposed a novel HT detection method using information entropy based clustering, named…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Renjie Lu , Haihua Shen , Feng Zhang , Huawei Li , Wei Zhao , Xiaowei Li

Many fabless semiconductor companies outsource their designs to third-party fabrication houses. As trustworthiness of chain after outsourcing including fabrication houses is not established, any adversary in between, with malicious intent…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Ramakrishna Vaikuntapu , Vineet Sahula , Lava Bhargava

Conventional Hardware Trojan (HT) detection techniques are based on the validation of integrated circuits to determine changes in their functionality, and on non-invasive side-channel analysis to identify the variations in their physical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-12-10 Imran Hafeez Abbassi , Faiq Khalid , Semeen Rehman , Awais Mehmood Kamboh , Axel Jantsch , Siddharth Garg , Muhammad Shafique
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