Related papers: Vertical Phase Mixing across the Galactic Disk
We have applied our method for weighing the Galactic disk using phase-space spirals to the Gaia EDR3 proper motion sample. For stars in distant regions of the Galactic disk, the latitudinal proper motion has a close projection with vertical…
Galactic disks are highly responsive systems that often undergo external perturbations and subsequent collisionless equilibration, predominantly via phase-mixing. We use linear perturbation theory to study the response of infinite…
Gaia DR2 has provided an unprecedented wealth of information about the kinematics of stars in the Solar neighbourhood, and has highlighted the degree of features in the Galactic disc. We confront the data with a range of bar and spiral…
Decoding the key dynamical processes that shape the Galactic disk structure is crucial for reconstructing the Milky Way's evolution history. The second Gaia data release unveils a novel wave pattern in the $L_Z-\langle V_R\rangle$ space,…
In this fourth article on weighing the Galactic disk using the shape of the phase-space spiral, we have tested our method on a billion particle three-dimensional N-body simulation, comprised of a Milky Way like host galaxy and a merging…
Gaia has revealed a variety of substructures in the phase space of stars in the Solar neighborhood, including the vertical `Snail' in $(z,v_z)$ space. Such substructures are often interpreted as the incompletely phase-mixed response of the…
Recent studies have shown that the passage of a massive satellite through the disk of a spiral galaxy can induce vertical wobbles in the disk and produce features such as in-plane rings and phase-space spirals. Here we analyze a…
The mean Galactocentric radial velocities $\langle v_{R}\rangle(R,\varphi)$ of luminous red giant stars within the mid-plane of the Milky Way reveal a spiral signature, which could plausibly reflect the response to a non-axisymmetric…
Recent theoretical work suggests that it may be common for stars in the disks of spiral galaxies to migrate radially across significant distances in the disk. Such migrations are a result of resonant scattering with spiral arms and move the…
The Gaia Space Satellite has transformed the field of Galactic Dynamics by collecting 6D phase space information for hundreds of millions of stars. In 2018, it enabled the discovery of the Gaia Phase Spiral (Antoja et al., 2018), a clear…
We select 1,052,469 (754,635) thin disk stars from {\it Gaia} eDR3 and LAMOST DR7 in the range of Galactocentric radius $R$ (guiding center radius $R_\mathrm{g}$) from 8 to 11\,kpc to investigate the asymmetries between the North and South…
We present a new method for inferring the gravitational potential of the Galactic disk, using the time-varying structure of a phase-space spiral in the $(z,w)$-plane (where $z$ and $w$ represent vertical position and vertical velocity). Our…
Using N-body simulations of the Galactic disks, we qualitatively study how the metallicity distributions of the thick and thin disk stars are modified by radial mixing induced by the bar and spiral arms. We show that radial mixing drives a…
Stars in the Galactic disk have mean radial velocities $\overline{v}_R$ that oscillate as a function of angular momentum $J_\varphi$. This `$J_\varphi$-${\overline{v}}_R$ wave' signal also exhibits a systematic phase shift when stars are…
We discuss the physical mechanism by which pure vertical bending waves in a stellar disc evolve to form phase space spirals similar to those discovered by Antoja et al. ( arXiv:1804.10196) in Gaia Data Release 2. These spirals were found by…
We use a suite of numerical simulations to investigate the mechanisms and effects of radial migration of stars in disk galaxies like the Milky Way (MW). An isolated, collisionless stellar disk with a MW-like scale-height shows only the…
{\it Gaia} Data Release 2 (DR2) revealed that the Milky Way contains significant indications of departures from equilibrium in the form of asymmetric features in the phase space density of stars in the Solar neighborhood. One such feature…
Galactic spiral shocks are dominant morphological features and believed to be responsible for substructure formation within spiral arms in disk galaxies. They can also contribute a substantial amount of kinetic energy to the interstellar…
We present the second part of a detailed statistical study focussed on the effects of tidal interactions and minor mergers on the radial and vertical disk structure of spiral galaxies. In the first part we reported on the sample selection,…
Disk galaxies viewed as thin planar structures resulting from the conservation of angular momentum of an initially rotating pre-galactic cloud allow merely a first-order model of galaxy formation. Still, the presence of vertically extended…