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Natural gradients have long been studied in deep reinforcement learning due to their fast convergence properties and covariant weight updates. However, computing natural gradients requires inversion of the Fisher Information Matrix (FIM) at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Yingxiao Huo , Satya Prakash Dash , Radu Stoican , Samuel Kaski , Mingfei Sun

Natural policy gradient methods are popular reinforcement learning methods that improve the stability of policy gradient methods by utilizing second-order approximations to precondition the gradient with the inverse of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Brennan Gebotys , Alexander Wong , David A. Clausi

Natural Gradient Descent, a second-degree optimization method motivated by the information geometry, makes use of the Fisher Information Matrix instead of the Hessian which is typically used. However, in many cases, the Fisher Information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Rajesh Shrestha

This work proposes a time-efficient Natural Gradient Descent method, called TENGraD, with linear convergence guarantees. Computing the inverse of the neural network's Fisher information matrix is expensive in NGD because the Fisher matrix…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-04 Saeed Soori , Bugra Can , Baourun Mu , Mert Gürbüzbalaban , Maryam Mehri Dehnavi

Online Continual Learning (OCL) models continuously adapt to nonstationary data streams, usually without task information. These settings are complex and many traditional CL methods fail, while online methods (mainly replay-based) suffer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Edoardo Urettini , Antonio Carta

Neural network wavefunctions optimized using the variational Monte Carlo method have been shown to produce highly accurate results for the electronic structure of atoms and small molecules, but the high cost of optimizing such wavefunctions…

Computational Physics · Physics 2024-08-27 Gil Goldshlager , Nilin Abrahamsen , Lin Lin

Second-order optimization methods offer notable advantages in training deep neural networks by utilizing curvature information to achieve faster convergence. However, traditional second-order techniques are computationally prohibitive,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 James Vo

Existing methods of pruning deep neural networks focus on removing unnecessary parameters of the trained network and fine tuning the model afterwards to find a good solution that recovers the initial performance of the trained model. Unlike…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Abdolghani Ebrahimi , Diego Klabjan

Second-order methods have the capability of accelerating optimization by using much richer curvature information than first-order methods. However, most are impractical for deep learning, where the number of training parameters is huge. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Yi Ren , Achraf Bahamou , Donald Goldfarb

Second-order optimization methods, which leverage curvature information, offer faster and more stable convergence than first-order methods such as stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and Adam. However, their practical adoption is hindered by…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Saitao Zhang , Yubiao Luo , Shiqing Wang , Pushen Zuo , Yongxiang Li , Lunshuai Pan , Zheng Miao , Zhong Sun

Standard gradient descent methods are susceptible to a range of issues that can impede training, such as high correlations and different scaling in parameter space.These difficulties can be addressed by second-order approaches that apply a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Ted Moskovitz , Rui Wang , Janice Lan , Sanyam Kapoor , Thomas Miconi , Jason Yosinski , Aditya Rawal

This paper establishes a mathematical foundation for the Adam optimizer, elucidating its connection to natural gradient descent through Riemannian and information geometry. We provide an accessible and detailed analysis of the diagonal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Dongseong Hwang

We provide a framework for computing the exact worst-case performance of any algorithm belonging to a broad class of oracle-based first-order methods for composite convex optimization, including those performing explicit, projected,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-11-22 Adrien B. Taylor , Julien M. Hendrickx , François Glineur

Natural gradient descent is an optimization method traditionally motivated from the perspective of information geometry, and works well for many applications as an alternative to stochastic gradient descent. In this paper we critically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-22 James Martens

With a computationally efficient approximation of the second-order information, natural gradient methods have been successful in solving large-scale structured optimization problems. We study the natural gradient methods for the large-scale…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-03-20 Jiang Hu , Kangkang Deng , Na Li , Quanzheng Li

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are currently predominantly trained using first-order methods. Some of these methods (e.g., Adam, AdaGrad, and RMSprop, and their variants) incorporate a small amount of curvature information by using a diagonal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Achraf Bahamou , Donald Goldfarb , Yi Ren

In stochastic optimization, using large batch sizes during training can leverage parallel resources to produce faster wall-clock training times per training epoch. However, for both training loss and testing error, recent results analyzing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Linjian Ma , Gabe Montague , Jiayu Ye , Zhewei Yao , Amir Gholami , Kurt Keutzer , Michael W. Mahoney

For training fully-connected neural networks (FCNNs), we propose a practical approximate second-order method including: 1) an approximation of the Hessian matrix and 2) a conjugate gradient (CG) based method. Our proposed approximate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-07 Sheng-Wei Chen , Chun-Nan Chou , Edward Y. Chang

This work proposes a Momentum-Enabled Kronecker-Factor-Based Optimizer Using Rank-1 updates, called MKOR, that improves the training time and convergence properties of deep neural networks (DNNs). Second-order techniques, while enjoying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Mohammad Mozaffari , Sikan Li , Zhao Zhang , Maryam Mehri Dehnavi

Adaptive regularization methods that exploit more than the diagonal entries exhibit state of the art performance for many tasks, but can be prohibitive in terms of memory and running time. We find the spectra of the Kronecker-factored…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-18 Vladimir Feinberg , Xinyi Chen , Y. Jennifer Sun , Rohan Anil , Elad Hazan