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In this study, we propose task planning framework for multiple robots that builds on a behavior tree (BT). BTs communicate with a data distribution service (DDS) to send and receive data. Since the standard BT derived from one root node…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Seungwoo Jeong , Taekwon Ga , Inhwan Jeong , Jongeun Choi

This paper proposes a novel integrated dynamic method based on Behavior Trees for planning and allocating tasks in mixed human robot teams, suitable for manufacturing environments. The Behavior Tree formulation allows encoding a single job…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-01-20 Fabio Fusaro , Edoardo Lamon , Elena De Momi , Arash Ajoudani

Behavior Trees (BTs) were invented as a tool to enable modular AI in computer games, but have received an increasing amount of attention in the robotics community in the last decade. With rising demands on agent AI complexity, game…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-05-14 Matteo Iovino , Edvards Scukins , Jonathan Styrud , Petter Ögren , Christian Smith

Behavior Trees (BTs) offer a powerful paradigm for designing modular and reactive robot controllers. BT planning, an emerging field, provides theoretical guarantees for the automated generation of reliable BTs. However, BT planning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Yishuai Cai , Xinglin Chen , Yunxin Mao , Kun Hu , Minglong Li , Yaodong Yang , Yuanpei Chen

This paper addresses the concurrency issues affecting Behavior Trees (BTs), a popular tool to model the behaviors of autonomous agents in the video game and the robotics industry. BT designers can easily build complex behaviors composing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Michele Colledanchise , Lorenzo Natale

With the rising demand for flexible manufacturing, robots are increasingly expected to operate in dynamic environments where local -- such as slight offsets or size differences in workpieces -- are common. We propose to address the problem…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Marco Iannotta , Johannes A. Stork , Erik Schaffernicht , Todor Stoyanov

Despite growing interest in active inference for robotic control, its application to complex, long-horizon tasks remains untested. We address this gap by introducing a fully hierarchical active inference architecture for goal-directed…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Corrado Pezzato , Ozan Çatal , Toon Van de Maele , Riddhi J. Pitliya , Tim Verbelen

Heterogeneous Robot Teams can provide a wide range of capabilities and therefore significant benefits when handling a mission. However, they also require new approaches to capability and mission definition that are not only suitable to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Georg Heppner , Nils Berg , David Oberacker , Niklas Spielbauer , Arne Roennau , Rüdiger Dillmann

The ability to plan ahead efficiently is key for both living organisms and artificial systems. Model-based planning and prospection are widely studied in cognitive neuroscience and artificial intelligence (AI), but from different…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Domenico Maisto , Francesco Gregoretti , Karl Friston , Giovanni Pezzulo

Robotic assistance in robot arm teleoperation tasks has recently gained a lot of traction in industrial and domestic environment. A wide variety of input devices is used in such setups. Due to the noise in the input signals (e.g., Brain…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Mohamed Behery , Minh Trinh , Christian Brecher , Gerhard Lakemeyer

When a robot autonomously performs a complex task, it frequently must balance competing objectives while maintaining safety. This becomes more difficult in uncertain environments with stochastic outcomes. Enhancing transparency in the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Peter Amorese , Shohei Wakayama , Nisar Ahmed , Morteza Lahijanian

We propose a design for a functional programming language for autonomous agents, built off the ideas and motivations of Behavior Trees (BTs). BTs are a popular model for designing agents behavior in robotics and AI. However, as their growth…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Oliver Biggar , Iman Shames

Behavior Trees are commonly used to model agents for robotics and games, where constrained behaviors must be designed by human experts in order to guarantee that these agents will execute a specific chain of actions given a specific set of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-06-09 Renato de Pontes Pereira , Paulo Martins Engel

Robots in uncertain real-world environments must perform both goal-directed and exploratory actions. However, most deep learning-based control methods neglect exploration and struggle under uncertainty. To address this, we adopt deep active…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Kentaro Fujii , Shingo Murata

The recent advance in autonomous underwater robotics facilitates autonomous inspection tasks of offshore infrastructure. However, current inspection missions rely on predefined plans created offline, hampering the flexibility and autonomy…

Active inference, a neurally-inspired model for inferring actions based on the free energy principle (FEP), has been proposed as a unifying framework for understanding perception, action, and learning in the brain. Active inference has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Prashant Rangarajan , Rajesh P. N. Rao

We investigate the application of active inference in developing energy-efficient control agents for manufacturing systems. Active inference, rooted in neuroscience, provides a unified probabilistic framework integrating perception,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Yavar Taheri Yeganeh , Mohsen Jafari , Andrea Matta

Over the last 10 to 15 years, active inference has helped to explain various brain mechanisms from habit formation to dopaminergic discharge and even modelling curiosity. However, the current implementations suffer from an exponential…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Théophile Champion , Lancelot Da Costa , Howard Bowman , Marek Grześ

In reinforcement learning (RL), agents often operate in partially observed and uncertain environments. Model-based RL suggests that this is best achieved by learning and exploiting a probabilistic model of the world. 'Active inference' is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-26 Alexander Tschantz , Manuel Baltieri , Anil. K. Seth , Christopher L. Buckley

Behavior trees (BTs) emerged from video game development as a graphical language for modeling intelligent agent behavior. However as initially implemented, behavior trees are static plans. This paper adds to recent literature exploring the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2016-07-01 Blake Hannaford , Danying Hu , Dianmu Zhang , Yangming Li