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Accurately estimating expectation values of quantum observables with as few measurements as possible is crucial to many quantum computing applications. We introduce a framework that covers many of existing measurement strategies and…

Verifying whether a quantum device produces a specific state is a fundamental task in many applications of modern quantum technologies. In the conventional framework of quantum state verification, designing an optimal or efficient protocol…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Xiaodi Li

Classical Shadow Tomography (Huang, Kueng and Preskill, Nature Physics 2020) is a method for creating a classical snapshot of an unknown quantum state, which can later be used to predict the value of an a-priori unknown observable on that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-15 Zvika Brakerski , Nir Magrafta , Tomer Solomon

Estimation of the energy of quantum many-body systems is a paradigmatic task in various research fields. In particular, efficient energy estimation may be crucial in achieving a quantum advantage for a practically relevant problem. For…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-11 Alexander Gresch , Martin Kliesch

Classical shadow estimation (CSE) is a powerful tool for learning the properties of quantum states and quantum processes. Here we consider the CSE task for quantum unitary channels. By querying an unknown unitary channel $\mathcal{U}$…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-30 Zihao Li , Changhao Yi , You Zhou , Huangjun Zhu

Key quantum features like coherence are the fundamental resources enabling quantum advantages and ascertaining their presence in quantum systems is crucial for developing quantum technologies. This task, however, faces severe challenges in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-07 Qi-Ming Ding , Ting Zhang , Hui Li , Da-Jian Zhang

Demonstrating quantum supremacy, a complexity-guaranteed quantum advantage against over the best classical algorithms by using less universal quantum devices, is an important near-term milestone for quantum information processing. Here we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-13 Keisuke Fujii

Errors occurring on noisy hardware pose a key challenge to reliable quantum computing. Existing techniques such as error correction, mitigation, or suppression typically separate the error handling from the algorithm analysis and design. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Julian Berberich , Tobias Fellner , Robert L. Kosut , Christian Holm

Quantum computation, a completely different paradigm of computing, benefits from theoretically proven speed-ups for certain problems and opens up the possibility of exactly studying the properties of quantum systems. Yet, because of the…

Quantum mechanics provides cryptographic primitives whose security is grounded in hardness assumptions independent of those underlying classical cryptography. However, existing proposals require low-noise quantum communication and…

Quantum systems are inherently open and susceptible to environmental noise, which can have both detrimental and beneficial effects on their dynamics. This phenomenon has been observed in bio-molecular systems, where noise enables novel…

The accurate and efficient energy estimation of quantum Hamiltonians consisting of Pauli observables is an essential task in modern quantum computing. We introduce a Resource-Optimized Grouping Shadow (ROGS) algorithm, which optimally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-09 Min Li , Mao Lin , Matthew J. S. Beach

We provide practical and powerful schemes for learning many properties of an unknown n-qubit quantum state using a sparing number of copies of the state. Specifically, we present a depth-modulated randomized measurement scheme that…

Learning problems involving quantum data are natural candidates for demonstrating an advantage in quantum machine learning. Recent results indicate that, for certain tasks and under noiseless conditions, coherent processing of quantum data…

The rapid development of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices has raised the question of whether or not these devices will find commercial use. Unfortunately, a major shortcoming of many proposed NISQ-amenable algorithms, such as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-22 Amara Katabarwa , Alex Kunitsa , Borja Peropadre , Peter Johnson

Accurately estimating high-order moments of quantum states is an elementary precondition for many crucial tasks in quantum computing, such as entanglement spectroscopy, entropy estimation, spectrum estimation, and predicting non-linear…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-16 Benchi Zhao , Mingrui Jing , Lei Zhang , Xuanqiang Zhao , Yu-Ao CHen , Kun Wang , Xin Wang

Although the emergence of a fully-functional quantum computer may still be far away from today, in the near future, it is possible to have medium-size, special-purpose, quantum devices that can perform computational tasks not efficiently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-28 Man-Hong Yung , Xun Gao

In this paper, we introduce an efficient algorithm for the quantum amplitude estimation task which works in noisy intermediate-scale quantum(NISQ) devices. The quantum amplitude estimation is an important problem which has various…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-29 Kouhei Nakaji

We describe a new shadow tomography algorithm that uses $n=\Theta(\sqrt{m}\log m/\epsilon^2)$ samples, for $m$ measurements and additive error $\epsilon$, which is independent of the dimension of the quantum state being learned. This stands…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-05 Pulkit Sinha

Quantum computers promise considerable speedups over classical approaches, which has raised interest from many disciplines. Since any currently available implementations suffer from noise and imperfections, achieving concrete speedups for…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Felix Greiwe , Tom Krüger , Wolfgang Mauerer
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