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Non-Hermitian systems can have peculiar degeneracies of eigenstates called exceptional points (EPs). An EP of $n$ degenerate states is said to have order $n$, and higher-order EPs (HEPs) with $n \ge 3$ exhibit intrinsic order-scaling…

Optics · Physics 2026-05-20 Kenta Takata , Adam Mock , Masaya Notomi , Akihiko Shinya

We show that the perturbation of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger chain by a localized lossy defect leads to higher-order exceptional points (HOEP). Depending on the location of the defect, third- and fourth- order exceptional points (EP3 \& EP4)…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-10-15 Zi-Jian Li , Gabriel Cardoso , Emil J. Bergholtz , Qing-Dong Jiang

Non-Hermitian systems have been widely explored in platforms ranging from photonics to electric circuits. A defining feature of non-Hermitian systems is exceptional points (EPs), where both eigenvalues and eigenvectors coalesce. Tropical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-22 Ayan Banerjee , Rimika Jaiswal , Madhusudan Manjunath , Awadhesh Narayan

Non-Hermitian physics is reshaping our understanding of quantum systems by revealing states and phenomena without Hermitian counterparts. While non-Hermiticity is typically associated with gain-loss processes in open systems, we uncover a…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-12-17 Enrico Perfetto , Gianluca Stefanucci

The heightened sensitivity observed in non-Hermitian systems at exceptional points (EPs) has garnered significant attention. Typical EP sensor implementations rely on precise measurements of spectra and importantly, for real time sensing…

Optics · Physics 2023-10-18 Parul Sharma , Brijesh Kumar , Nihar Ranjan Sahoo , Anshuman Kumar

Non-Hermitian (NH) systems can display exceptional topological defects without Hermitian counterparts, exemplified by exceptional rings in NH two-dimensional systems. However, exceptional topological features associated with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-06 Shou-Bang Yang , Pei-Rong Han , Wen Ning , Fan Wu , Zhen-Biao Yang , Shi-Biao Zheng

Non-Hermitian physics has become a fundamental framework for understanding open systems where gain and loss play essential roles, with impact across photonics, quantum science, and condensed matter. While the role of complex eigenvalues is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Kyu-Won Park , Soojoon Lee , Kabgyun Jeong

Degeneracy (exceptional) points embedded in energy band are distinct by their topological features. We report different hybrid two-state coalescences (EP2s) formed through merging two EP2s with opposite chiralities that created from the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-01-28 L. Jin , H. C. Wu , Bo-Bo Wei , Z. Song

Non-orthogonality in non-Hermitian quantum systems gives rise to tremendous exotic quantum phenomena, which can be fundamentally traced back to non-unitarity and is much more fundamental and universal than complex energy spectrum. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-06 Yue-Yu Zou , Yao Zhou , Li-Mei Chen , Peng Ye

The non-Hermitian formalism is used at present in many papers for the description of open quantum systems. A special language developed in this field of physics which makes it difficult for many physicists to follow and to understand the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-11 Hichem Eleuch , Ingrid Rotter

Dramatically different from the Hermitian systems, the conventional Bulk-Boundary Correspondence (BBC) is broken in the non-Hermitian systems. In this article, we use edge entanglement entropy to characterize the topological properties of…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-02-16 Weitao Chen , Liangtao Peng , Hantao Lu , Xiancong Lu

Exceptional points (EPs) are special spectral degeneracies of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians governing the dynamics of open systems. At the EP two or more eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenstates coalesce. Recently, it has been proposed…

Optics · Physics 2020-02-19 Yu-Hung Lai , Yu-Kun Lu , Myoung-Gyun Suh , Kerry Vahala

Non-Hermitian theory is a theoretical framework that excels at describing open systems. It offers a powerful tool in the characterization of both the intrinsic degrees of freedom (DOFs) of a system and the interactions with the external…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-28 Kun Ding , Chen Fang , Guancong Ma

Non-Hermitian spectral degeneracies, known as exceptional points (EPs), feature simultaneous coalescence of both eigenvalues and the associated eigenstates of a system. A host of intriguing EP effects and their applications have been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-24 R. Huang , Ş. K. Özdemir , J. -Q. Liao , F. Minganti , L. -M. Kuang , Franco Nori , H. Jing

The coalescence of eigenstates is a unique phenomena in non-Hermitian systems. Remarkably, it has been noticed in some non-Hermitian systems under open boundary conditions that the whole set of eigenstates can coalesce to only a few…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-11-15 Shu-Xuan Wang , Zhongbo Yan

Exceptional points (EPs) have recently attracted considerable attention in the study of non-Hermitian systems and in applications such as sensors and mode switching. In particular, nontrivial topological structures of EPs have been studied…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-17 Kyu-Won Park , Jinuk Kim , Kabgyun Jeong

The study of generic properties of quantum states has led to an abundance of insightful results. A meaningful set of states that can be efficiently prepared in experiments are ground states of gapped local Hamiltonians, which are well…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-03 Jonas Haferkamp , Christian Bertoni , Ingo Roth , Jens Eisert

The emergence of various types of degeneracies plays a crucial role in optimizing and engineering different physical phenomena in non-Hermitian physics. In our work, we focus on the derogatory Exceptional Points (EPs), which are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-22 Grigory A. Starkov , Sharareh Sayyad

Non-conservative physical systems admit a special kind of spectral degeneracy, known as exceptional point (EP), at which eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the corresponding non-Hermitian Hamiltonian coalesce. Dynamical parametric encircling…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-10-21 Alexey Galda , Valerii M. Vinokur

We study the quantum evolution of a non-Hermitian qubit realized as a submanifold of a dissipative superconducting transmon circuit. Real-time tuning of the system parameters to encircle an exceptional point results in non-reciprocal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-27 Maryam Abbasi , Weijian Chen , Mahdi Naghiloo , Yogesh N. Joglekar , Kater W. Murch