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Estimation of football players' skills is one of the key tasks in sports analytics. This paper introduces multiple extensions to a widely used model, expected possession value (EPV), to address some key challenges such as selection problem.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Andrei Shelopugin

This paper introduces the first Expected Possession Value (EPV) benchmark and a new and improved EPV model for football. Through the introduction of the OJN-Pass-EPV benchmark, we present a novel method to quantitatively assess the quality…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Thijs Overmeer , Tim Janssen , Wim P. M. Nuijten

Basketball games evolve continuously in space and time as players constantly interact with their teammates, the opposing team, and the ball. However, current analyses of basketball outcomes rely on discretized summaries of the game that…

Applications · Statistics 2017-01-11 Daniel Cervone , Alex D'Amour , Luke Bornn , Kirk Goldsberry

We present a fully convolutional neural network architecture that is capable of estimating full probability surfaces of potential passes in soccer, derived from high-frequency spatiotemporal data. The network receives layers of low-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-05 Javier Fernández , Luke Bornn

We present a novel framework for predicting next actions in soccer possessions by leveraging path signatures to encode their complex spatio-temporal structure. Unlike existing approaches, we do not rely on fixed historical windows and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-19 David Hirnschall , Robert Bajons

The aim of this study was to improve previous zonal approaches to expected possession value (EPV) models in low data availability sports by introducing a Bayesian Mixture Model approach to an EPV model in rugby league. 99,966 observations…

Applications · Statistics 2022-12-22 Thomas Sawczuk , Anna Palczewska , Ben Jones , Jan Palczewski

Scientifically evaluating soccer players represents a challenging Machine Learning problem. Unfortunately, most existing answers have very opaque algorithm training procedures; relevant data are scarcely accessible and almost impossible to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-15 Paul Garnier , Théophane Gregoir

In recent years, many different approaches have been proposed to quantify the performances of soccer players. Since player performances are challenging to quantify directly due to the low-scoring nature of soccer, most approaches estimate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-31 Jan Van Haaren

Evaluating defensive performance in soccer remains challenging, as effective defending is often expressed not through visible on-ball actions such as interceptions and tackles, but through preventing dangerous opportunities before they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Hyunsung Kim , Sangwoo Seo , Hoyoung Choi , Tom Boomstra , Jinsung Yoon , Chanyoung Park

Expected goals (xG) models estimate the probability that a shot results in a goal from its context (e.g., location, pressure), but they operate only on observed shots. We propose xG+, a possession-level framework that first estimates the…

Applications · Statistics 2026-01-27 Jonathan Pipping-Gamón , Tianshu Feng , R. Paul Sabin

Soccer is a sport played on a pitch where effective use of space is crucial. Decision-making during transitions, when possession switches between teams, has been increasingly important, but research on space evaluation in these moments has…

Applications · Statistics 2025-05-22 Yohei Ogawa , Rikuhei Umemoto , Keisuke Fujii

Using high-resolution player tracking data made available by the National Football League (NFL) for their 2019 Big Data Bowl competition, we introduce the Expected Hypothetical Completion Probability (EHCP), a objective framework for…

Applications · Statistics 2019-10-29 Sameer K. Deshpande , Katherine Evans

In-game win probability models, which provide a sports team's likelihood of winning at each point in a game based on historical observations, are becoming increasingly popular. In baseball, basketball and American football, they have become…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Pieter Robberechts , Jan Van Haaren , Jesse Davis

Given a monocular video of a soccer match, this paper presents a computational model to estimate the most feasible pass at any given time. The method leverages offensive player's orientation (plus their location) and opponents' spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-16 Adrià Arbués-Sangüesa , Adrián Martín , Javier Fernández , Coloma Ballester , Gloria Haro

Soccer is undeniably the most popular sport world-wide and everyone from general managers and coaching staff to fans and media are interested in evaluating players' performance. Metrics applied successfully in other sports, such as the…

Applications · Statistics 2020-12-04 Konstantinos Pelechrinis , Wayne Winston

We present a framework that gives a deep insight into the link between physical and technical-tactical aspects of soccer and it allows associating physical performance with value generation thanks to a top-down approach. First, we estimate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-04-06 Sergio Llana , Borja Burriel , Pau Madrero , Javier Fernández

In this work we present STEVE - Soccer TEam VEctors, a principled approach for learning real valued vectors for soccer teams where similar teams are close to each other in the resulting vector space. STEVE only relies on freely available…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-01 Robert Müller , Stefan Langer , Fabian Ritz , Christoph Roch , Steffen Illium , Claudia Linnhoff-Popien

The non-scientific event of a soccer match is analysed on a strictly scientific level. The analysis is based on the recently introduced concept of a team fitness (Eur. Phys. J. B 67, 445, 2009) and requires the use of finite-size scaling. A…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2010-03-03 Andreas Heuer , Christian Mueller , Oliver Rubner

Computer-aided support and analysis are becoming increasingly important in the modern world of sports. The scouting of potential prospective players, performance as well as match analysis, and the monitoring of training programs rely more…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Jonas Theiner , Wolfgang Gritz , Eric Müller-Budack , Robert Rein , Daniel Memmert , Ralph Ewerth

Continuous-time assessments of game outcomes in sports have become increasingly common in the last decade. In American football, only discrete-time estimates of play value were possible, since the most advanced public football datasets were…

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