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We present PDDLGym, a framework that automatically constructs OpenAI Gym environments from PDDL domains and problems. Observations and actions in PDDLGym are relational, making the framework particularly well-suited for research in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-17 Tom Silver , Rohan Chitnis

OpenAI Gym is a toolkit for reinforcement learning (RL) research. It includes a large number of well-known problems that expose a common interface allowing to directly compare the performance results of different RL algorithms. Since many…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-10-11 Piotr Gawłowicz , Anatolij Zubow

Gym-ANM is a Python package that facilitates the design of reinforcement learning (RL) environments that model active network management (ANM) tasks in electricity networks. Here, we describe how to implement new environments and how to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Robin Henry , Damien Ernst

We introduce Reasoning Gym (RG), a library of reasoning environments for reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards. It provides over 100 data generators and verifiers spanning multiple domains including algebra, arithmetic,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Zafir Stojanovski , Oliver Stanley , Joe Sharratt , Richard Jones , Abdulhakeem Adefioye , Jean Kaddour , Andreas Köpf

This paper provides a simulated laboratory for making use of Reinforcement Learning (RL) for chemical discovery. Since RL is fairly data intensive, training agents `on-the-fly' by taking actions in the real world is infeasible and possibly…

We introduce Reinforcement Learning (RL) with Adaptive Verifiable Environments (RLVE), an approach using verifiable environments that procedurally generate problems and provide algorithmically verifiable rewards, to scale up RL for language…

There has been a growing interest in developing learner models to enhance learning and teaching experiences in educational environments. However, existing works have primarily focused on structured environments relying on meticulously…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Bahar Radmehr , Adish Singla , Tanja Käser

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has shown remarkable abilities in learning policies for decision-making tasks. However, RL is often hindered by issues such as low sample efficiency, lack of interpretability, and sparse supervision signals. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Xidong Feng , Ziyu Wan , Mengyue Yang , Ziyan Wang , Girish A. Koushik , Yali Du , Ying Wen , Jun Wang

We introduce ResearchGym, a benchmark and execution environment for evaluating AI agents on end-to-end research. To instantiate this, we repurpose five oral and spotlight papers from ICML, ICLR, and ACL. From each paper's repository, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Aniketh Garikaparthi , Manasi Patwardhan , Arman Cohan

We introduce a novel virtual robotic toolkit myGym, developed for reinforcement learning (RL), intrinsic motivation and imitation learning tasks trained in a 3D simulator. The trained tasks can then be easily transferred to real-world…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-12-23 Michal Vavrecka , Nikita Sokovnin , Megi Mejdrechova , Gabriela Sejnova , Marek Otahal

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly relied upon for coding tasks, yet in most scenarios it is assumed that all relevant information can be either accessed in context or matches their training data. We posit that LLMs can benefit…

Search agents have emerged as a pivotal paradigm for solving open-ended, knowledge-intensive reasoning tasks. However, training these agents via Reinforcement Learning (RL) faces a critical dilemma: interacting with live commercial Web APIs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Xichen Zhang , Ziyi He , Yinghao Zhu , Sitong Wu , Shaozuo Yu , Meng Chu , Wenhu Zhang , Haoru Tan , Jiaya Jia

Task offloading, crucial for balancing computational loads across devices in networks such as the Internet of Things, poses significant optimization challenges, including minimizing latency and energy usage under strict communication and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Frederico Metelo , Stevo Racković , Pedro Ákos Costa , Cláudia Soares

Reinforcement learning (RL) is one of the active fields in machine learning, demonstrating remarkable potential in tackling real-world challenges. Despite its promising prospects, this methodology has encountered with issues and challenges,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Alireza Rashidi Laleh , Majid Nili Ahmadabadi

As AI agents leave the lab and venture into the real world as autonomous vehicles, delivery robots, and cooking robots, it is increasingly necessary to design and comprehensively evaluate algorithms that tackle the ``open-world''. To this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-09 Shivam Goel , Yichen Wei , Panagiotis Lymperopoulos , Klara Chura , Matthias Scheutz , Jivko Sinapov

While reinforcement learning (RL) can empower autonomous agents by enabling self-improvement through interaction, its practical adoption remains challenging due to costly rollouts, limited task diversity, unreliable reward signals, and…

Reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated strong potential in training large language models (LLMs) capable of complex reasoning for real-world problem solving. More recently, RL has been leveraged to create sophisticated LLM-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Bowen Jin , Jinsung Yoon , Priyanka Kargupta , Sercan O. Arik , Jiawei Han

The formidable capacity for zero- or few-shot decision-making in language agents encourages us to pose a compelling question: Can language agents be alternatives to PPO agents in traditional sequential decision-making tasks? To investigate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Junjie Sheng , Zixiao Huang , Chuyun Shen , Wenhao Li , Yun Hua , Bo Jin , Hongyuan Zha , Xiangfeng Wang

Artificial intelligence progresses towards the "Era of Experience," where agents are expected to learn from continuous, grounded interaction. We argue that traditional Reinforcement Learning (RL), which typically represents value as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Xidong Feng , Bo Liu , Yan Song , Haotian Fu , Ziyu Wan , Girish A. Koushik , Zhiyuan Hu , Mengyue Yang , Ying Wen , Jun Wang

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) for text generation. In particular, recent LLMs such as ChatGPT and GPT-4 can engage in fluent conversations with users after…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Jonathan D. Chang , Kiante Brantley , Rajkumar Ramamurthy , Dipendra Misra , Wen Sun