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In response to the Covid-19 pandemic, educational institutions quickly transitioned to remote learning. The problem of how to perform student assessment in an online environment has become increasingly relevant, leading many institutions…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-11 David G. Balash , Dongkun Kim , Darikia Shaibekova , Rahel A. Fainchtein , Micah Sherr , Adam J. Aviv

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic changed the landscape of education and led to increased usage of remote proctoring tools that are designed to monitor students when they take assessments outside the classroom. While prior work has…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-02-28 David G. Balash , Rahel A. Fainchtein , Elena Korkes , Miles Grant , Micah Sherr , Adam J. Aviv

Artificial intelligence is gaining momentum, ongoing pandemic is fuel to that with more opportunities in every sector specially in health and education sector. But with the growth in technology, challenges associated with ethics also grow…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Ahmad Hassanpour , An Thi Nguyen , Anshul Rani , Sarang Shaikh , Ying Xu , Haoyu Zhang

Educators are rapidly switching to remote proctoring and examination software for their testing needs, both due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the expanding virtualization of the education sector. State boards are increasingly utilizing these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-09 Ben Burgess , Avi Ginsberg , Edward W. Felten , Shaanan Cohney

Online proctoring systems (OPS) are technologies and services that are used to monitor students during an online exam to deter cheating. However, OPS often violates student privacy by implementing overly intrusive surveillance to which…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Monika Blue Kwapisz , Yoav Ackerman , Jennifer Nguyen , Prashanth Rajivan

Cheating in online exams has become a prevalent issue over the past decade, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. To address this issue of academic dishonesty, our "Exam Monitoring System: Detecting Abnormal Behavior in Online…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Dinh An Ngo , Thanh Dat Nguyen , Thi Le Chi Dang , Huy Hoan Le , Ton Bao Ho , Vo Thanh Khang Nguyen , Truong Thanh Hung Nguyen

Artificial intelligence (AI) methods have been proposed for the prediction of social behaviors which could be reasonably understood from patient-reported information. This raises novel ethical concerns about respect, privacy, and control…

Online exams are more attractive after the Covid-19 pandemic. Furthermore, during recruitment, online exams are used. However, there are more cheating possibilities for online exams. Assigning a proctor for each exam increases cost. At this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Mert Ege , Mustafa Ceyhan

The past decade has observed a significant advancement in AI with deep learning-based models being deployed in diverse scenarios, including safety-critical applications. As these AI systems become deeply embedded in our societal…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Dave Mbiazi , Meghana Bhange , Maryam Babaei , Ivaxi Sheth , Patrik Kenfack , Samira Ebrahimi Kahou

As artificial intelligence (AI) grows in popularity and importance-both as a domain within broader computing research and in society at large-increasing focus will need to be paid to the ethical governance of this emerging technology. The…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-01 James Weichert , Dayoung Kim , Qin Zhu , Junghwan Kim , Hoda Eldardiry

Artificial intelligence (AI) ethics has emerged as a burgeoning yet pivotal area of scholarly research. This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the AI ethics literature over the past two decades. The analysis reveals a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Di Kevin Gao , Andrew Haverly , Sudip Mittal , Jiming Wu , Jingdao Chen

Online exams have become widely used to evaluate students' performance in mastering knowledge in recent years, especially during the pandemic of COVID-19. However, it is challenging to conduct proctoring for online exams due to the lack of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-01-21 Haotian Li , Min Xu , Yong Wang , Huan Wei , Huamin Qu

The era of pervasive computing has resulted in countless devices that continuously monitor users and their environment, generating an abundance of user behavioural data. Such data may support improving the quality of service, but may also…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-02-14 Abhishek Kumar , Tristan Braud , Sasu Tarkoma , Pan Hui

The recent surge in interest in ethics in artificial intelligence may leave many educators wondering how to address moral, ethical, and philosophical issues in their AI courses. As instructors we want to develop curriculum that not only…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-01-27 Emanuelle Burton , Judy Goldsmith , Sven Koenig , Benjamin Kuipers , Nicholas Mattei , Toby Walsh

As artificial intelligence (AI) further embeds itself into many settings across personal and professional contexts, increasing attention must be paid not only to AI ethics, but also to the governance and regulation of AI technologies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 James Weichert , Daniel Dunlap , Mohammed Farghally , Hoda Eldardiry

The transition of Artificial Intelligence (AI) from a lab-based science to live human contexts brings into sharp focus many historic, socio-cultural biases, inequalities, and moral dilemmas. Many questions that have been raised regarding…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Kaska Porayska-Pomsta , Wayne Holmes , Selena Nemorin

This study addresses ethical issues surrounding Large Language Models (LLMs) within the field of artificial intelligence. It explores the common ethical challenges posed by both LLMs and other AI systems, such as privacy and fairness, as…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Junfeng Jiao , Saleh Afroogh , Yiming Xu , Connor Phillips

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a digital technology that will be of major importance for the development of humanity in the near future. AI has raised fundamental questions about what we should do with such systems, what the systems…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Vincent C. Müller

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a technology which is increasingly being utilised in society and the economy worldwide, and its implementation is planned to become more prevalent in coming years. AI is increasingly being embedded in our…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-07-10 Angela Daly , Thilo Hagendorff , Li Hui , Monique Mann , Vidushi Marda , Ben Wagner , Wei Wang , Saskia Witteborn

Artificial Intelligence (AI) solutions and technologies are being increasingly adopted in smart systems context, however, such technologies are continuously concerned with ethical uncertainties. Various guidelines, principles, and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Arif Ali Khan , Muhammad Azeem Akbar , Mahdi Fahmideh , Peng Liang , Muhammad Waseem , Aakash Ahmad , Mahmood Niazi , Pekka Abrahamsson
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