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Twin-Field (TF) quantum key distribution (QKD) represents a novel QKD approach whose principal merit is to beat the point-to-point private capacity of a lossy quantum channel, thanks to performing single-photon interference in an untrusted…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-14 Federico Grasselli , Marcos Curty

Thanks to the single-photon interference at a third untrusted party, the twin-field quantun key distribution (TF-QKD) protocol and its variants can beat the well-known rate-loss bound without quantum repeaters, and related experiments have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-06 Chun-Mei Zhang , Yi-Wei Xu , Rong Wang , Qin Wang

Twin-field (TF) quantum key distribution (QKD) can overcome fundamental secret-key-rate bounds on point-to-point QKD links, allowing us to reach longer distances than ever before. Since its introduction, several TF-QKD variants have been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-06 Guillermo Currás-Lorenzo , Lewis Wooltorton , Mohsen Razavi

Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows two remote parties to share information-theoretically secure keys. In recent years, a revolutionary breakthrough called twin-field (TF) QKD has been developed to overcome the linear key-rate constraint…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-24 Yao Zhou , Zhen-Qiang Yin , Rui-Qiang Wang , Shuang Wang , Wei Chen , Guang-Can Guo , Zheng-Fu Han

Among the various versions of the twin-field quantum key distribution (TF-QKD) protocol [M.Lucamarini, Z. Yuan, J. Dynes, and A. Shields, Nature (London) 557, 400 (2018)] that can overcome the rate-distance limit, the TF-QKD without phase…

Twin-field quantum key distribution (TF-QKD) and its variants can overcome the fundamental rate-distance limit of QKD which has been demonstrated in the laboratory and field while their physical implementations with side channels remains to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-08 Yi-Fei Lu , Mu-Sheng Jiang , Yang Wang , Xiao-Xu Zhang , Fan Liu , Chun Zhou , Hong-Wei Li , Wan-Su Bao

We propose a fully passive twin-field quantum key distribution (QKD) setup where basis choice, decoy-state preparation and encoding are all implemented entirely by post-processing without any active modulation. Our protocol can remove the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-25 Wenyuan Wang , Rong Wang , H. F. Chau , Hoi-Kwong Lo

Twin-Field Quantum Key Distribution (TF-QKD) has emerged as a potential protocol for long distance secure communication, overcoming the rate-distance limitations of conventional quantum key distribution without requiring trusted repeaters.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-31 Syed M. Arslan , Syed Shahmir , Noureldin Mohammad , Saif Al-Kuwari , Muataz Alhussein

Twin-field quantum key distribution (TF-QKD) and its variant protocols are highly attractive due to the advantage of overcoming the rate-loss limit for secret key rates of point-to-point QKD protocols. For variations of TF-QKD, the key…

Twin-field quantum key distribution (TF-QKD), which is immune to all possible detector side channel attacks, enables two remote legitimate users to perform secure communications without quantum repeaters. With the help of a central node,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-29 Shao-Fu He , Yang Wang , Hong-Wei Li , Wan-Su Bao

Quantum key distribution (QKD) offers a reliable solution to communication problems that require long-term data security. For its widespread use, however, the rate and reach of QKD systems must be improved. Twin-field (TF) QKD is a step…

Twin-Field (TF) quantum key distribution (QKD) is a major candidate to be the new benchmark for far-distance QKD implementations, since its secret key rate can overcome the repeaterless bound by means of a simple interferometric…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-15 Federico Grasselli , Alvaro Navarrete , Marcos Curty

The twin-field (TF) quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol and its variants are highly attractive because they can beat the well-known rate-loss limit (i.e., the PLOB bound) for QKD protocols without quantum repeaters. In this paper, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-11 X. Zhong , J. Hu , M. Curty , L. Qian , H. -K. Lo

Twin-field quantum key distribution (TF-QKD) has emerged as a promising solution for practical quantum communication over long-haul fiber. However, previous demonstrations on TF-QKD require the phase locking technique to coherently control…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) can help two distant peers to share secret key bits, whose security is guaranteed by the law of physics. In practice, the secret key rate of a QKD protocol is always lowered with the increasing of channel…

Quantum key distribution(QKD) allows two remote parties to share information-theoretic secret keys. Many QKD protocols assume the phase of encoding state can be continuous randomized from 0 to 2 pi, which, however, may be questionable in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-15 Rui Qiang Wang , Zhen Qiang yin , Rong Wang , Shuang Wang , Wei Chen , Guang can Guo , Zhen fu Han

Twin-field quantum key distribution (TF-QKD) protocol and its variants, e.g. phase-matching (PM) QKD and TF-QKD based on sending or not sending, are highly attractive since they are able to overcome the well-known rate-loss limit for QKD…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-25 Chaohan Cui , Zhen-Qiang Yin , Rong Wang , Feng-Yu Lu , Wei Chen , Shuang Wang , Guang-Can Guo , Zheng-Fu Han

Twin-field (TF) quantum key distribution (QKD) was conjectured to beat the private capacity of a point-to-point QKD link by using single-photon interference in a central measuring station. This remarkable conjecture has recently triggered…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-14 Marcos Curty , Koji Azuma , Hoi-Kwong Lo

Quantum key distribution endows people with information-theoretical security in communications. Twin-field quantum key distribution (TF-QKD) has attracted considerable attention because of its outstanding key rates over long distances.…

Twin-field quantum key distribution (TFQKD), using single-photon-type interference, offers a way to exceed the rate-distance limit without quantum repeaters. However, it still suffers from the photon losses and dark counts, which impose an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-09 Bing-Hong Li , Yuan-Mei Xie , Zhao Li , Chen-Xun Weng , Chen-Long Li , Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen
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