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A sequence-to-sequence model is a neural network module for mapping two sequences of different lengths. The sequence-to-sequence model has three core modules: encoder, decoder, and attention. Attention is the bridge that connects the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-24 Andros Tjandra , Sakriani Sakti , Satoshi Nakamura

Recurrent Neural Network Transducer (RNN-T), like most end-to-end speech recognition model architectures, has an implicit neural network language model (NNLM) and cannot easily leverage unpaired text data during training. Previous work has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Suyoun Kim , Yuan Shangguan , Jay Mahadeokar , Antoine Bruguier , Christian Fuegen , Michael L. Seltzer , Duc Le

A speaker naming task, which finds and identifies the active speaker in a certain movie or drama scene, is crucial for dealing with high-level video analysis applications such as automatic subtitle labeling and video summarization. Modern…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Jungwoo Pyo , Joohyun Lee , Youngjune Park , Tien-Cuong Bui , Sang Kyun Cha

Recently, a few novel streaming attention-based sequence-to-sequence (S2S) models have been proposed to perform online speech recognition with linear-time decoding complexity. However, in these models, the decisions to generate tokens are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-18 Hirofumi Inaguma , Yashesh Gaur , Liang Lu , Jinyu Li , Yifan Gong

Recently, attention-based encoder-decoder (AED) models have shown high performance for end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) across several tasks. Addressing overconfidence in such models, in this paper we introduce the concept of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-16 Timo Lohrenz , Patrick Schwarz , Zhengyang Li , Tim Fingscheidt

Recent works have shown that prompting large language models with audio encodings can unlock speech recognition capabilities. However, existing techniques do not scale efficiently, especially while handling long form streaming audio inputs…

Recently, the unified streaming and non-streaming two-pass (U2/U2++) end-to-end model for speech recognition has shown great performance in terms of streaming capability, accuracy and latency. In this paper, we present fast-U2++, an…

In recent years, developing a speech understanding system that classifies a waveform to structured data, such as intents and slots, without first transcribing the speech to text has emerged as an interesting research problem. This work…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Mohamed Mhiri , Samuel Myer , Vikrant Singh Tomar

End-to-end multi-talker speech recognition is an emerging research trend in the speech community due to its vast potential in applications such as conversation and meeting transcriptions. To the best of our knowledge, all existing research…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Liang Lu , Naoyuki Kanda , Jinyu Li , Yifan Gong

End-to-end attention-based models have been shown to be competitive alternatives to conventional DNN-HMM models in the Speech Recognition Systems. In this paper, we extend existing end-to-end attention-based models that can be applied for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-10-19 Hassan Taherian

The transformer is a fundamental building block in deep learning, and the attention mechanism is the transformer's core component. Self-supervised speech representation learning (SSRL) represents a popular use-case for the transformer…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Jianbo Ma , Siqi Pan , Deepak Chandran , Andrea Fanelli , Richard Cartwright

In the area of multi-domain speech recognition, research in the past focused on hybrid acoustic models to build cross-domain and domain-invariant speech recognition systems. In this paper, we empirically examine the difference in behavior…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-10 Thai-Son Nguyen , Sebastian Stüker , Alex Waibel

End-to-end (E2E) models fold the acoustic, pronunciation and language models of a conventional speech recognition model into one neural network with a much smaller number of parameters than a conventional ASR system, thus making it suitable…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-14 Bo Li , Shuo-yiin Chang , Tara N. Sainath , Ruoming Pang , Yanzhang He , Trevor Strohman , Yonghui Wu

A major focus of recent research in spoken language understanding (SLU) has been on the end-to-end approach where a single model can predict intents directly from speech inputs without intermediate transcripts. However, this approach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Sujeong Cha , Wangrui Hou , Hyun Jung , My Phung , Michael Picheny , Hong-Kwang Kuo , Samuel Thomas , Edmilson Morais

Transformer-based models have demonstrated their effectiveness in automatic speech recognition (ASR) tasks and even shown superior performance over the conventional hybrid framework. The main idea of Transformers is to capture the…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Kun Wei , Pengcheng Guo , Ning Jiang

Recurrent neural network transducers (RNN-T) have been successfully applied in end-to-end speech recognition. However, the recurrent structure makes it difficult for parallelization . In this paper, we propose a self-attention transducer…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-25 Zhengkun Tian , Jiangyan Yi , Jianhua Tao , Ye Bai , Zhengqi Wen

Despite the advancement in the domain of audio and audio-visual speech recognition, visual speech recognition systems are still quite under-explored due to the visual ambiguity of some phonemes. In this work, we propose a new lip-reading…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-10 Shahd Elashmawy , Marian Ramsis , Hesham M. Eraqi , Farah Eldeshnawy , Hadeel Mabrouk , Omar Abugabal , Nourhan Sakr

Currently, end-to-end (E2E) speech recognition methods have achieved promising performance. However, auto speech recognition (ASR) models still face challenges in recognizing multi-accent speech accurately. We propose a layer-adapted fusion…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Jinming Chen , Jingyi Fang , Yuanzhong Zheng , Yaoxuan Wang , Haojun Fei

We propose Chunk-wise Attention Transducer (CHAT), a novel extension to RNN-T models that processes audio in fixed-size chunks while employing cross-attention within each chunk. This hybrid approach maintains RNN-T's streaming capability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Hainan Xu , Vladimir Bataev , Travis M. Bartley , Jagadeesh Balam

In this paper, we review various end-to-end automatic speech recognition algorithms and their optimization techniques for on-device applications. Conventional speech recognition systems comprise a large number of discrete components such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Chanwoo Kim , Dhananjaya Gowda , Dongsoo Lee , Jiyeon Kim , Ankur Kumar , Sungsoo Kim , Abhinav Garg , Changwoo Han