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Achieving fully autonomous driving with enhanced safety and efficiency relies on vehicle-to-everything cooperative perception, which enables vehicles to share perception data, thereby enhancing situational awareness and overcoming the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Tao Huang , Jianan Liu , Xi Zhou , Dinh C. Nguyen , Mostafa Rahimi Azghadi , Yuxuan Xia , Qing-Long Han , Sumei Sun

Simulation is essential to validate autonomous driving systems. However, a simple simulation, even for an extremely high number of simulated miles or hours, is not sufficient. We need well-founded criteria showing that simulation does…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Changwen Li , Joseph Sifakis , Qiang Wang , Rongjie Yan , Jian Zhang

Autonomous systems operating in unknown environments often rely heavily on visual sensor data, yet making safe and informed control decisions based on these measurements remains a significant challenge. To facilitate the integration of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-05 Jelena Trisovic , Andrea Carron , Melanie N. Zeilinger

Roadside perception systems are increasingly crucial in enhancing traffic safety and facilitating cooperative driving for autonomous vehicles. Despite rapid technological advancements, a major challenge persists for this newly arising…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Rusheng Zhang , Depu Meng , Shengyin Shen , Tinghan Wang , Tai Karir , Michael Maile , Henry X. Liu

Safety assurance is a central concern for the development and societal acceptance of automated driving (AD) systems. Perception is a key aspect of AD that relies heavily on Machine Learning (ML). Despite the known challenges with the safety…

Real-time safety metrics are important for the automated driving system (ADS) to assess the risk of driving situations and to assist the decision-making. Although a number of real-time safety metrics have been proposed in the literature,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Xintao Yan , Shuo Feng , David J. LeBlanc , Carol Flannagan , Henry X. Liu

This study underscores the vital importance of intelligent driving functions in enhancing road safety and driving comfort. Central to our research is the challenge of obtaining sufficient test data for evaluating these functions, especially…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Nico Schick , Franjo Čičak

Perception algorithms in autonomous driving systems confront great challenges in long-tail traffic scenarios, where the problems of Safety of the Intended Functionality (SOTIF) could be triggered by the algorithm performance insufficiencies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Liang Peng , Jun Li , Wenbo Shao , Hong Wang

Perception and mapping systems are among the most computationally, memory, and bandwidth intensive software components in robotics. Therefore, analysis, debugging, and optimization are crucial to improve perception systems performance in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-05-19 Pierre-Yves Lajoie , Christophe Bédard , Giovanni Beltrame

Motion forecasting is crucial in enabling autonomous vehicles to anticipate the future trajectories of surrounding agents. To do so, it requires solving mapping, detection, tracking, and then forecasting problems, in a multi-step pipeline.…

Runtime verification or runtime monitoring equips safety-critical cyber-physical systems to augment design assurance measures and ensure operational safety and security. Cyber-physical systems have interaction failures, attack surfaces, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Smitha Gautham , Georgios Bakirtzis , Alexander Will , Athira V. Jayakumar , Carl R. Elks

Real-time perception and motion planning are two crucial tasks for autonomous driving. While there are many research works focused on improving the performance of perception and motion planning individually, it is still not clear how a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Zhanhong Huang , Xiao Zhang , Xinming Huang

Artificial intelligence (AI) models are becoming key components in an autonomous vehicle (AV), especially in handling complicated perception tasks. However, closing the loop through AI-based feedback may pose significant risks on…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-16 Tao Yan , Zheyu Zhang , Jingjing Jiang , Wen-Hua Chen

Condition monitoring of industrial systems is crucial for ensuring safety and maintenance planning, yet notable challenges arise in real-world settings due to the limited or non-existent availability of fault samples. This paper introduces…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-28 Maryam Ahang , Mostafa Abbasi , Todd Charter , Homayoun Najjaran

We propose a perception imitation method to simulate results of a certain perception model, and discuss a new heuristic route of autonomous driving simulator without data synthesis. The motivation is that original sensor data is not always…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Xiaoliang Ju , Yiyang Sun , Yiming Hao , Yikang Li , Yu Qiao , Hongsheng Li

The ability to detect learned objects regardless of their appearance is crucial for autonomous systems in real-world applications. Especially for detecting humans, which is often a fundamental task in safety-critical applications, it is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Franziska Schwaiger , Andrea Matic , Karsten Roscher , Stephan Günnemann

Perception, Planning, and Control form the essential components of autonomy in advanced air mobility. This work advances the holistic integration of these components to enhance the performance and robustness of the complete cyber-physical…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Ayoosh Bansal , Yang Zhao , James Zhu , Sheng Cheng , Yuliang Gu , Hyung-Jin Yoon , Hunmin Kim , Naira Hovakimyan , Lui Sha

Autonomous robots deal with unexpected scenarios in real environments. Given input images, various visual perception tasks can be performed, e.g., semantic segmentation, depth estimation and normal estimation. These different tasks provide…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Boyang Sun , Jiaxu Xing , Hermann Blum , Roland Siegwart , Cesar Cadena

Obstacle detection is crucial to the operation of autonomous driving systems, which rely on multiple sensors, such as cameras and LiDARs, combined with code logic and deep learning models to detect obstacles for time-sensitive decisions.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Tri Minh-Triet Pham , Diego Elias Costa , Weiyi Shang , Jinqiu Yang

The driving environment perception has a vital role for autonomous driving and nowadays has been actively explored for its realization. The research community and relevant stakeholders necessitate the development of Deep Learning (DL)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Jalal Khan , Manzoor Khan , Sherzod Turaev , Sumbal Malik , Hesham El-Sayed , Farman Ullah