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Related papers: Treatment Allocation with Strategic Agents

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Individualized treatment rules tailor treatments to patients based on clinical, demographic, and other characteristics. Estimation of individualized treatment rules requires the identification of individuals who benefit most from the…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-06 Junwei Shen , Erica E. M. Moodie , Shirin Golchi

This paper studies algorithmic decision-making in the presence of strategic individual behaviors, where an ML model is used to make decisions about human agents and the latter can adapt their behavior strategically to improve their future…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Tian Xie , Xueru Zhang

Dynamic treatment regimes are of growing interest across the clinical sciences as these regimes provide one way to operationalize and thus inform sequential personalized clinical decision making. A dynamic treatment regime is a sequence of…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-11-27 Eric B. Laber , Min Qian , Dan J. Lizotte , William E. Pelham , Susan A. Murphy

Optimal treatment regimes are personalized policies for making a treatment decision based on subject characteristics, with the policy chosen to maximize some value. It is common to aim to maximize the mean outcome in the population, via a…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-02-28 Liu Leqi , Edward H. Kennedy

We consider a social planner faced with a stream of myopic selfish agents. The goal of the social planner is to maximize the social welfare, however, it is limited to using only information asymmetry (regarding previous outcomes) and cannot…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-05-15 Lee Cohen , Yishay Mansour

Randomized experiments have been the gold standard for assessing the effectiveness of a treatment or policy. The classical complete randomization approach assigns treatments based on a prespecified probability and may lead to inefficient…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-26 Waverly Wei , Xinwei Ma , Jingshen Wang

To maximize clinical benefit, clinicians routinely tailor treatment to the individual characteristics of each patient, where individualized treatment rules are needed and are of significant research interest to statisticians. In the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-11-23 Trinetri Ghosh , Yanyuan Ma , Rui Song , Pingshou Zhong

A fundamental principle of clinical medicine is that a treatment should only be administered to those patients who would benefit from it. Treatment strategies that assign treatment to patients as a function of their individual…

Applications · Statistics 2025-06-13 Nicholas Williams , Kara Rudolph , Iván Díaz

We study the problem of a decision maker who must provide the best possible treatment recommendation based on an experiment. The desirability of the outcome distribution resulting from the policy recommendation is measured through a…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-04-06 Anders Bredahl Kock , David Preinerstorfer , Bezirgen Veliyev

Targeting and personalization policies can be used to improve outcomes beyond the uniform policy that assigns the best performing treatment in an A/B test to everyone. Personalization relies on the presence of heterogeneity of treatment…

Applications · Statistics 2025-12-12 Anya Shchetkina

This article discusses the application of stochastic intervention to find the optimal treatment distribution yielding a high value of expected potential outcome under the setting where the number of treatments is allowed to vary with $n$.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-22 Rohit Chaudhuri

We study how to optimally design selection mechanisms, accounting for agents' investment incentives. A principal wishes to allocate a resource of homogeneous quality to a heterogeneous population of agents. The principal commits to a…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-11-11 Victor Augias , Eduardo Perez-Richet

Policy learning can be used to extract individualized treatment regimes from observational data in healthcare, civics, e-commerce, and beyond. One big hurdle to policy learning is a commonplace lack of overlap in the data for different…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-04 Nathan Kallus

Subsidies are commonly used to encourage behaviors that can lead to short- or long-term benefits. Typical examples include subsidized job training programs and provisions of preventive health products, in which both behavioral responses and…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-03-18 Yu-Chang Chen , Haitian Xie

In treatment allocation problems the individuals to be treated often arrive sequentially. We study a problem in which the policy maker is not only interested in the expected cumulative welfare but is also concerned about the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-08-24 Anders Bredahl Kock , Martin Thyrsgaard

Individualizing treatment assignment can improve outcomes for diseases with patient-to-patient variability in comparative treatment effects. When a clinical trial demonstrates that some patients improve on treatment while others do not, it…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-11-02 Nina Galanter , Marco Carone , Ronald C. Kessler , Alex Luedtke

The current body of research on developing optimal treatment strategies often places emphasis on intention-to-treat analyses, which fail to take into account the compliance behavior of individuals. Methods based on instrumental variables…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-21 Cuong T. Pham , Kevin G. Lynch , James R. McKay , Ashkan Ertefaie

Decision makers often aim to learn a treatment assignment policy under a capacity constraint on the number of agents that they can treat. When agents can respond strategically to such policies, competition arises, complicating estimation of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-31 Roshni Sahoo , Stefan Wager

Many social programs attempt to allocate scarce resources to people with the greatest need. Indeed, public services increasingly use algorithmic risk assessments motivated by this goal. However, targeting the highest-need recipients often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Bryan Wilder , Pim Welle

The treatment assignment mechanism in a randomized clinical trial can be optimized for statistical efficiency within a specified class of randomization mechanisms. Optimal designs of this type have been characterized in terms of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-03 Wei Zhang , Zhiwei Zhang , Aiyi Liu