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To accelerate software development, much research has been performed to help people understand and reuse the huge amount of available code resources. Two important tasks have been widely studied: code retrieval, which aims to retrieve code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Ziyu Yao , Jayavardhan Reddy Peddamail , Huan Sun

SMCalFlow is a large corpus of semantically detailed annotations of task-oriented natural dialogues. The annotations use a dataflow approach, in which the annotations are programs which represent user requests. Despite the availability,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Joram Meron

State-of-the-art computer vision approaches rely on huge amounts of annotated data. The collection of such data is a time consuming process since it is mainly performed by humans. The literature shows that semi-automatic annotation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Jonas Jäger , Gereon Reus , Joachim Denzler , Viviane Wolff , Klaus Fricke-Neuderth

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in empirical software engineering (ESE) to automate or assist annotation tasks such as labeling commits, issues, and qualitative artifacts. Yet the reliability and reproducibility of such…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Mia Mohammad Imran , Tarannum Shaila Zaman

It is widely recognized that the proliferation of annotation schemes runs counter to the need to re-use language resources, and that standards for linguistic annotation are becoming increasingly mandatory. To answer this need, we have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2009-09-16 Nancy Ide , Laurent Romary , Tomaz Erjavec

Modern workflows run on increasingly heterogeneous computing architectures and with this heterogeneity comes additional complexity. We aim to apply the FAIR principles for research reproducibility by developing software to collect metadata…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Polina Shpilker , Line Pouchard

A program verifier is a tool that can be used to verify that a "contract" for a program holds - i.e. given a precondition the program guarantees that a given postcondition holds - by only working at the level of the annotated program. An…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-06-12 Gudmund Grov

We present POTATO, the Portable text annotation tool, a free, fully open-sourced annotation system that 1) supports labeling many types of text and multimodal data; 2) offers easy-to-configure features to maximize the productivity of both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Jiaxin Pei , Aparna Ananthasubramaniam , Xingyao Wang , Naitian Zhou , Jackson Sargent , Apostolos Dedeloudis , David Jurgens

Active Test-Time Adaptation (ATTA) improves model robustness under domain shift by selectively querying human annotations at deployment, but existing methods use heuristic uncertainty measures and suffer from low data selection efficiency,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Tingyu Shi , Fan Lyu , Shaoliang Peng

We present a free and open-source tool for creating web-based surveys that include text annotation tasks. Existing tools offer either text annotation or survey functionality but not both. Combining the two input types is particularly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Timo Spinde , Kanishka Sinha , Norman Meuschke , Bela Gipp

`Linguistic annotation' covers any descriptive or analytic notations applied to raw language data. The basic data may be in the form of time functions -- audio, video and/or physiological recordings -- or it may be textual. The added…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Steven Bird , Mark Liberman

Although many active scientific codes use modern Fortran, most contemporary scientific software "libraries" are implemented in C and C++. Providing their numerical, algorithmic, or data management features to Fortran codes requires writing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-07-04 Seth R. Johnson , Andrey Prokopenko , Katherine J. Evans

`Linguistic annotation' covers any descriptive or analytic notations applied to raw language data. The basic data may be in the form of time functions - audio, video and/or physiological recordings - or it may be textual. The added…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Steven Bird , Mark Liberman

This paper gives an overview of previous work in which the authors used NASA's Formal Requirement Elicitation Tool (FRET) to formalise requirements. We discuss four case studies where we used FRET to capture the system's requirements. These…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Marie Farrell , Matt Luckcuck , Rosemary Monahan , Conor Reynolds , Oisín Sheridan

Mapping and navigation services like Google Maps, Apple Maps, OpenStreetMap, are essential for accessing various location-based data, yet they often struggle to handle natural language geospatial queries. Recent advancements in Large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Mahir Labib Dihan , Mohammed Eunus Ali , Md Rizwan Parvez

We introduce FRAT, a new proof format for unsatisfiable SAT problems, and its associated toolchain. Compared to DRAT, the FRAT format allows solvers to include more information in proofs to reduce the computational cost of subsequent…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Seulkee Baek , Mario Carneiro , Marijn J. H. Heule

The primary objective of document annotation in whatever form, manual or electronic is to allow those who may not have control to original document to provide personal view on information source. Beyond providing personal assessment to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Charles A. Robert

The aim of this paper is to propose an approach based on the concept of annotation for supporting design communication. In this paper, we describe a co-operative design case study where we analyse some annotation practices, mainly focused…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2007-11-16 Onur Hisarciklilar , Jean-François Boujut

Annotation is a central mechanism in visualization design that enables people to communicate key insights. Prior research has provided essential accounts of the visual forms annotations take, but less attention has been paid to the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Md Dilshadur Rahman , Devin Lange , Ghulam Jilani Quadri , Paul Rosen

The Center for Expanded Data Annotation and Retrieval (CEDAR) aims to revolutionize the way that metadata describing scientific experiments are authored. The software we have developed--the CEDAR Workbench--is a suite of Web-based tools and…