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Weak coin flipping is the cryptographic task where Alice and Bob remotely flip a coin but want opposite outcomes. This work studies this task in the device-independent regime where Alice and Bob neither trust each other, nor their quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-29 Atul Singh Arora , Jamie Sikora , Thomas Van Himbeeck

The compensated quotient-difference (Compqd) algorithm is proposed along with some applications. The main motivation is based on the fact that the standard quotient-difference (qd) algorithm can be numerically unstable. The Compqd algorithm…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-02-20 Peibing Du , Roberto Barrio , Hao Jiang , Lizhi Cheng

In this paper, we will see that the proportion of d as p th digit, where p > 1 and d $\in$ 0, 9, in data (obtained thanks to the hereunder developed model) is more likely to follow a law whose probability distribution is determined by a…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2018-05-04 Stéphane Blondeau da Silva

The purpose of this research paper it is to present a new approach in the framework of a biased roulette wheel. It is used the approach of a quantitative trading strategy, commonly used in quantitative finance, in order to assess the…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2016-10-03 Giancarlo Salirrosas Martínez

Fix a modulus $q$. One would expect the number of primes in each invertible residue class mod $q$ to be multinomially distributed, i.e. for each $p \,\mathrm{mod}\, q$ to behave like an independent random variable uniform on…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-04-30 Alex Cowan

We derive a recursive formula for the moments of the number of flips using a possibly biased coin to produce a prescribed finite binary string $S$ when $S$ is either a run of heads or a run of heads followed by a tails. Our recursive…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-20 Jia Huang

Coin selection refers to the problem of choosing a set of tokens to fund a transaction in token-based payment systems such as, e.g., cryptocurrencies or central bank digital currencies (CBDCs). In this paper, we propose the Boltzmann Draw…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Jan Lennart Bönsel , Michael Maurer , Silvio Petriconi , Andrea Tundis , Marc Winstel

In this work, we study the phase estimation problem. We show an alternative, simpler and self-contained proof of query lower bounds. Technically, compared to the previous proofs [NW99, Bes05], our proof is considerably elementary.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-06 Yao-Ting Lin

We deal with the distribution of the fractional parts of $p^{\lambda}$, $p$ running over the prime numbers and $\lambda$ being a fixed real number lying in the interval $(0,1)$. Roughly speaking, we study the following question: Given a…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Stephan Baier

In this note we compare two measures of the complexity of a class $\mathcal F$ of Boolean functions studied in (unconditional) pseudorandomness: $\mathcal F$'s ability to distinguish between biased and uniform coins (the coin problem), and…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Rohit Agrawal

A long sequence of tosses of a classical coin produces an apparently random bit string, but classical randomness is an illusion: the algorithmic information content of a classically-generated bit string lies almost entirely in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ulvi Yurtsever

For a discrete time quantum walk (QW) on the $N$-cycle, allowing for decoherence on the coin, we derive a number of new results, including an explicit formula for the position probability distribution. For a QW of this type, we show that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Chaobin Liu , Nelson Petulante

Using frequency distributions of daily closing price time series of several financial market indexes, we investigate whether the bias away from an equiprobable sequence distribution found in the data, predicted by algorithmic information…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2010-08-17 Hector Zenil , Jean-Paul Delahaye

We demonstrate a quantum walk with time-dependent coin bias. With this technique we realize an experimental single-photon one-dimensional quantum walk with a linearly-ramped time-dependent coin flip operation and thereby demonstrate two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-11 Peng Xue , Rong Zhang , Hao Qin , Xiang Zhan , Zhihao Bian , Jian Li , Barry C. Sanders

Bit commitment is a fundamental cryptographic primitive with numerous applications. Quantum information allows for bit commitment schemes in the information theoretic setting where no dishonest party can perfectly cheat. The previously…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-02-09 André Chailloux , Iordanis Kerenidis

We present decidability results for a sub-class of "non-interactive" simulation problems, a well-studied class of problems in information theory. A non-interactive simulation problem is specified by two distributions $P(x,y)$ and $Q(u,v)$:…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-07-18 Badih Ghazi , Pritish Kamath , Madhu Sudan

Computing the probability of a formula given the probabilities or weights associated with other formulas is a natural extension of logical inference to the probabilistic setting. Surprisingly, this problem has received little attention in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-03-19 Vibhav Gogate , Pedro Domingos

Two sequential estimators are proposed for the odds p/(1-p) and log odds log(p/(1-p)) respectively, using independent Bernoulli random variables with parameter p as inputs. The estimators are unbiased, and guarantee that the variance of the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-01-07 Luis Mendo

We consider the \emph{approximate minimum selection} problem in presence of \emph{independent random comparison faults}. This problem asks to select one of the smallest $k$ elements in a linearly-ordered collection of $n$ elements by only…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Stefano Leucci , Chih-Hung Liu

We consider an infinite balls-into-bins process with deletions where in each discrete step $t$ a coin is tossed as to whether, with probability $\beta(t) \in (0,1)$, a new ball is allocated using the Greedy[2] strategy (which places the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Petra Berenbrink , Tom Friedetzky , Peter Kling , Lars Nagel